Non-Constituency Member of Parliament

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Non-Constituency Members of Parliament (NCMPs) are members of the opposition parties who were appointed as members of the Parliament of Singapore even though they had lost in the parliamentary election.

The NCMP scheme was introduced in 1984 to provide a voice for the opposition in parliament. At that time, the Singapore legislative was dominated by the People's Action Party (PAP) and without members of the opposition parties during the period from 1968 to 1981. In 1981, an opposition candidate J. B. Jeyaretnam won a seat in the Anson by-election and broke the PAP dominance in the legislature. However, Jeyaratnam could not initiate a meaningful debate, as he could not find another MP to second his motion. The PAP recognised the need for an "intelligent" opposition to provide more alternative voices in the parliament.

In May 1984, the then deputy Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong proposed an amendment in the Constitution to introduce the NCMP scheme. Goh believed that the presence of opposition MPs in parliament would check the PAP and voice discontent about government polices. His perception was that this would provide greater legitimacy to the legislature and greater public confidence in the Singaporean political system. Since then, the standard arrangement has been that NCMP seats go to the top opposition losers who obtained more than 15% of the votes in their respective constituencies, although as evidenced below this is not always accepted. Opposition parties in Singapore and critics of the system often state that the system effectively permanently resigns non-PAP MPs to a 'second class' status and is a publicity stunt to lend legitimacy to the dominant party status of the PAP within the context of democracy in the country.

Later, in the 1984 general elections, the PAP saw a drop of 13.4% in its votes and lost two seats. One NCMP seat was offered but rejected by members of the opposition parties. In the 1988 election, Singapore Democratic Party's Chiam See Tong was the only opposition MP elected, and two Workers' Party members took the NCMP seats. In 1991, no NCMP seats were offered as four opposition MPs were elected to Parliament. In 1997, an NCMP seat was offered to and occupied by J. B. Jeyaretnam. Since the 2001 election, one sole NCMP seat is occupied by Chia Kiah Hong Steve of the National Solidarity Party.

In the 2006 election, Sylvia Lim, the Chairman of the Workers' Party garnered 43.9% of the vote in Aljunied GRC. As the best-performing opposition loser in the election, the Elections Department announced that one of the 5 members of Lim's team would become the NCMP. After meeting with the Central Executive Committee of the Workers' Party, Lim was nominated as the next NCMP in parliament.

Similar to Nominated Members of Parliament, NCMPs can vote on all issues except the following:

amendment of the constitution,
public funds,
vote of no confidence in the government,
removing the president from office.

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