Northrop Alpha

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Northrop Alpha was an American single-engine monoplane fast mail/passenger transport aircraft used in the 1930s.

Contents

1 Development
2 Operational history
3 Variants
4 Users
5 Specifications (Alpha 2)
6 References
7 Related content

Development

Drawing on his experience with the Lockheed Vega, John K. Northrop designed an advanced mail/passenger transport aircraft. In addition to all-metal construction, the new Alpha benefitted from two revolutionary aerodynamic advancements -- wing fillets researched at the Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology and multicellular stressed-skin wing of Northrop's own design which was later successfully used on Douglas DC-2 and Douglas DC-3. In addition, the Alpha was the first commercial aircraft to use rubber deicer boots on wing and empennage leading edges which, in conjunction with state-of-the-art radionavigation equipment, gave it day-or-night all-weather capability. The aircraft first flew in 1930 with a total of 17 built.

The Alpha was further developed into a dedicated fast transport Northrop Gamma.

Operational history

The Alpha entered service with Transcontinental & Western Air (future TWA) making its inaugural flight on 20 April 1931. The trip from San Francisco to New York required 13 stops and took just over 23 hours. TWA operated 14 aircraft until 1935, flying routes with stops in San Francisco, California, Winslow, Arizona, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Amarillo, Texas, Wichita, Kansas, Kansas City, Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri, Terre Haute, Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana, Columbus, Ohio, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and New York. Three Alphas were operated by US military as C-19 VIP transports until 1939.

The third Alpha built, NC11Y, is preserved at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.

Variants

Alpha 2 - six-passenger version
Alpha 3 - two-passenger plus cargo version, several Alpha 2s were converted to this configuration
Alpha 4 - cargo version with 2 ft (0.6 m) increased wingspan, all converted from Alpha 3s
Alpha 4A - cargo version, all coverted from Alpha 4s
C-19 - military VIP transport, seating reduced to 4 passengers

Users

Trans World Airlines, US Army Air Corps

Specifications (Alpha 2)

References

Smith, MJ, Jr. (1986) Passenger airliners of the United States, 1926-1991. Pictorial Histories Publishing Company. ISBN 0933126727