Nose
Encyclopedia : N : NO : NOS : Nose
- You may be looking for Nose, a town in Japan, The Nose, a story by Nikolai Gogol and an opera by Dmitri Shostakovich or one of the qualities evaluated in wine tasting.
Function
In mammals
In most mammals, it also houses the nosehair, which catch airborne particles and prevent them from reaching the lungs. Within and behind the nose is the olfactory mucosa and the sinuses. Behind the nasal cavity, air next passes through the pharynx, shared with the digestive system, and then into the rest of the respiratory system. In humans, the nose is located centrally on the face; on most other mammals, it is on the upper tip of the snout.As an interface between the body and the external world, the nose and associated structures frequently perform additional functions concerned with conditioning entering air (for instance, by warming and/or humidifying it) and by reclaiming moisture from the air before it is exhaled (as occurs most efficiently in camels).
In most mammals, the nose is the primary organ for smelling. As the animal sniffs, the air flows through the nose and over structures called turbinates in the nasal cavity. The turbulence caused by this disruption slows the air and directs it toward the olfactory epithelium. At the surface of the olfactory epithelium, odor molecules carried by the air contact olfactory receptor neurons which transduce the features of the molecule into electrical impulses in the brain.
In cetaceans, the nose has been reduced to the nostrils, which have migrated to the top of the head, producing a more streamlined body shape and the ability to breathe while mostly submerged. Conversely, the elephant's nose has become elaborated into a long, muscular, manipulative organ called the trunk.
Associated health risks
Because of the special nature of the blood supply to the human nose and surrounding area, it is possible for retrograde infections from the nasal area to spread to the brain. For this reason, the area from the corners of the mouth to the bridge of the nose, including the nose and maxilla, is known to doctors as the danger triangle of the face.
Shapes of the human nose
Human noses can take many different shapes according to the individual. An attempt to make a classification of noses was made in Eden Warwick's Nasology, where the following classes are presented, associating them with character traits in a way akin to phrenology, this- Class I: The Roman, or Aquiline nose, which is rather convex, but undulating as its name aquiline imports.
- Class II: The Greek or Straight nose, which is perfectly straight
- Class III: The African, or Wide-nostrilled nose, wide at the end, thick and broad, gradually widening from below the bridge. The other noses are seen in profile, but this one in full face.
- Class IV: The Jewish or Hawk nose, which is very convex, and preserves its convexity like a bow. It is thin and sharp
- Class V: The Snub nose
- Class VI: The Turn-up or Celestial nose, with a continuous concavity from the eyes to the tip
Direction finding
All humans have a trace amount of magnetite in their noses, found in the ethmoid bone (between the eyes), possibly part of a rudimentary compass to allow direction finding relative to the earth's magnetic field. The human magnetoception is still very controversial, but some studies show that some people have the ability to orientate themselves-even when blindfolded and removed from such external clues as sunlight-to within a few degrees of the North Pole, exactly as a compass does.[[Citing sources citation needed]]
Culture
Some people choose to get rhinoplasty to change the aesthetic appearance of their nose. Nose piercings are also common, such as nostril, septum or bridge.
People famous for their nose
- Asterix, Obelix and most of the Gauls in the comic strip "Asterix"
- Cleopatra
- Cyrano de Bergerac
- Gérard Depardieu
- Jimmy Durante
- Michael Jackson
- Lambik, Belgian comic character by Willy Vandersteen
- Nero, Belgian comic character by Marc Sleen
- Jack Nicholson in the film Chinatown (1974) by Roman Polanski
- Pinocchio
- Sneezy in Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)
- W.C. Fields, American comedian
- Adrian Brody
- Owen Wilson
References
- Physical Manual: [Univ. of Tennessee at Martin]
- Eden Warwick (pseudonym of George Jabet), Nasology, or hints towards a classification of Noses, London, Richard Bentley, 1848
See also
- Empty nose syndrome
- hooknose
- [[Wiktionary:WikiSaurus:nose|WikiSaurus:nose]] — the WikiSaurus list of synonyms and slang words for the nose in many languages
- sneeze
- photic sneeze reflex
- nose-picking
- nosebleed
- Little's area
- olfactory system
- mucus
- rhinoplasty
- Jala neti
- Sròn
External links
- [WebMD: The Sinuses and The Nose]
- [From the Nose to the Eustachian Tube: Information, videos, tips for diving]
- [Your Nose: The Guardian Of Your Lungs]
- [Asian Noses] This website discusses the differences in Asian noses.
- [The Empty nose syndrome patient association]
| Respiratory system - [http://encycl.opentopia.com/ edit] |
|---|
| Nose > Nasal cavity | Pharynx | Larynx | Trachea | Lungs | Conducting zone | Respiratory zone |
|
| HEAD: Forehead – Eye – Ear – Nose – Mouth – Tongue – Teeth – Jaw – Face – Cheek – Chin TORSO: Shoulders – Spine – Chest – Breast – Ribcage – Abdomen – Belly button LIMBS: Arm – Elbow – Forearm – Wrist – Hand – Finger (Thumb - Index finger - Middle finger - Ring finger - Little finger) – Leg – Lap – Thigh – Knee – Calf – Heel – Ankle – Foot – Toe (Hallux) |
[[zh-yue:鼻]]
From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Original article here. Support Wikipedia by contributing or donating.
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License See Wikipedia Copyrights for details.