Novarupta
Encyclopedia : N : NO : NOV : Novarupta
|- | style="border-top:1px solid #999966; border-right:1px solid #999966" bgcolor=#e7dcc3 width=85 | Coordinates: | style="border-top:1px solid #999966" width=220 | [58°16′0″N, 155°9′24″W] |-
|- | style="border-top:1px solid #999966; border-right:1px solid #999966" bgcolor=#e7dcc3 width=85 | Topo map: | style="border-top:1px solid #999966" width=220 | USGS Mount Katmai B-4 |-
|- | style="border-top:1px solid #999966; border-right:1px solid #999966" bgcolor=#e7dcc3 width=85 | Type: | style="border-top:1px solid #999966" width=220 | Caldera |- | style="border-top:1px solid #999966; border-right:1px solid #999966" bgcolor=#e7dcc3 width=85 | Age of rock: | style="border-top:1px solid #999966" width=220 | |- | style="border-top:1px solid #999966; border-right:1px solid #999966" bgcolor=#e7dcc3 width=85 | Last eruption: | style="border-top:1px solid #999966" width=220 | 1912 |-
|}
Novarupta, meaning "new eruption", is a volcano located on the Alaska Peninsula in the Katmai area, about 290 miles southwest of Anchorage. Novarupta sits below Mount Katmai. Its eruption of June 6-June 8, 1912, was ten times more powerful than the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens and led to the formation of this 841 metre (2759 ft) volcano.
The 1912 Novarupta eruption was the largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century. About 15 km³ of volcanic material was ejected. The 1815 eruption of Tambora however, had displaced about seven times as much material. The 1883 eruption of Indonesia's Krakatoa displaced twice as much as Novarupta. Novarupta's 1912 eruption has been rated a 6 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index. Magma from underneath the Mount Katmai area was drained away to Novarupta, resulting in a collapsed 3 x 4 km caldera.
The lava dome that formed to plug the vent from which the eruption occurred is what is now referred to as Novarupta. Pyroclastic ash flow from the eruption formed what was named the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes by botanist Robert F. Griggs, who explored the volcano's aftermath for the National Geographic Society in 1916. Katmai National Park and Preserve was formed to protect the area around Novarupta.
External links
- [USGS collection of descriptions of Novarupta]
- [Alaska Volcano Observatory]
- [USGS QuickTime video clip on Novarupta (36 seconds/0.8 MB)]
- [Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program - Novarupta]
From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Original article here. Support Wikipedia by contributing or donating.
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License See Wikipedia Copyrights for details.