November 12
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is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 49 days remaining.
Events
- 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days.
- 1028 - Future Byzantine empress Zoe marries Romanus Argyrus according to the wishes of the dying Constantine VIII
- 1439 - Plymouth, England, becomes the first town incorporated by the English Parliament.
- 1905 - (November 12 & 13) Norway holds referendum in favour of monarchy over republic.
- 1912 - The frozen bodies of Robert Scott and his men are found on the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica.
- 1918 - Austria becomes a republic.
- 1922 - Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., was founded on the campus of Butler University in Indianapolis, Indiana.
- 1927 - Leon Trotsky is expelled from the Soviet Communist Party, leaving Joseph Stalin with undisputed control of the Soviet Union.
- 1927 - The Holland Tunnel opens to traffic as the first Hudson River vehicular tunnel linking New Jersey to New York City.
- 1933 - Hugh Gray of the British Aluminium Company takes the first known photos of the Loch Ness Monster.
- 1934 - The musical Babes in Toyland debuts, featuring Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy as comic relief (see Laurel and Hardy).
- 1936 - In California, the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge opens to traffic.
- 1938 - Hermann Göring announces Nazi Germany plans to make Madagascar the "Jewish homeland", an idea that actually was first considered by 19th century journalist Theodor Herzl.
- 1941 - World War II: Temperatures around Moscow drop to -12 ° C and the Soviet Union launches ski troops for the first time against the freezing German forces near the city.
- 1941 - A Soviet cruiser "Chervona Ukraina" was destroyed during the battle of Sevastopol
- 1942 - World War II: The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal between Japanese and American forces begins near Guadalcanal, will last for three days.
- 1944 - World War II: The Royal Air Force launches one of the most successful precision bombing attacks of war and sinks the German battleship Tirpitz off the coast of Norway.
- 1946 - A branch of the Exchange National Bank in Chicago, Illinois opens the first ten drive-up teller windows.
- 1948 - In Tokyo, an international war crimes tribunal sentences seven Japanese military and government officials to death, including General Hideki Tojo, for their roles in World War II.
- 1969 - Vietnam War: My Lai Massacre - Independent investigative journalist Seymour Hersh breaks the My Lai story.
- 1970 - The Oregon Highway Division attempts to destroy a rotting beached Gray whale with explosives, leading to the now infamous exploding whale incident
- 1971 - Vietnam War: As part of Vietnamization, US President Richard M. Nixon sets February 1, 1972 as the deadline for the removal of another 45,000 American troops from Vietnam.
- 1979 - Iran hostage crisis: In response to the hostage situation in Tehran, US President Jimmy Carter orders a halt to all petroleum imports into the United States from Iran.
- 1980 - The NASA space probe Voyager I makes its closest approach to Saturn.
- 1982 - In the Soviet Union, Yuri Andropov is selected to become the general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party's Central Committee, succeeding the late Leonid I. Brezhnev.
- 1982 - Lech Wałęsa, Solidarity leader, is released from a Polish prison after eleven months.
- 1990 - Crown Prince Akihito is formally installed as Emperor Akihito of Japan, becoming the 125th Japanese monarch.
- 1990 - Tim Berners-Lee publishes a formal proposal for the World Wide Web.
- 1991 - Dili Massacre, Indonesian forces opened fire on a crowd of student protesters in Dili, East Timor.
- 1992 - Absolutely Fabulous airs its first episode on BBC1.
- 1993 - Decree of President of Kazakhstan "About introducing national currency of Republic of Kazakhstan" was issued.
- 1996 - A Saudi Arabian Airlines Boeing 747 and a Kazakh Ilyushin Il-76 cargo plane collide in mid-air near New Delhi, India killing 349.
- 1997 - Ramzi Yousef is found guilty of masterminding the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.
- 1998 - Daimler-Benz completes a merger with Chrysler to form Daimler-Chrysler.
- 2001 - In New York City, an Airbus A300 carrying American Airlines Flight 587 crashes minutes after takeoff from John F. Kennedy International Airport, killing all 260 on board.
- 2001 - 2001 Attack on Afghanistan: Taliban forces abandon Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, ahead of advancing Afghan Northern Alliance troops.
- 2003 - Occupation of Iraq: In Nasiriya, Iraq, at least 23 people, among them the first Italian casualties of the 2003 Iraq war are killed in a suicide bomb attack on an Italian police base.
- 2004 - Scott Peterson is found guilty of first degree murder of his wife Laci Peterson and their unborn son Conner after a five-and-a-half month long trial.
- 2004 - Resignation of Colin Powell as Secretary of State.
Births
- 1493 - Bartolommeo Bandinelli, Italian sculptor (d. 1560)
- 1528 - Qi Jiguang, Chinese general (d. 1588)
- 1606 - Jeanne Mance, French Canadian settler (d. 1673)
- 1615 - Richard Baxter, English clergyman (d. 1691)
- 1651 - Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Mexican scholar, nun, and writer of the baroque school.
- 1729 - Louis Antoine de Bougainville, French explorer (d. 1811)
- 1755 - Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Prussian general (d. 1813)
- 1795 - Thaddeus William Harris, American naturalist (d. 1856)
- 1815 - Elizabeth Cady Stanton, American women's rights activist (d. 1902)
- 1817 - Bahá'u'lláh, Persian founder of the Bahá'í Faith (d. 1892)
- 1833 - Alexander Borodin, Russian composer (d. 1887)
- 1840 - Auguste Rodin, French sculptor (d. 1917)
- 1842 - John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1919)
- 1850 - Mikhail Chigorin, Russian chess player (d. 1908)
- 1866 - Sun Yat-sen, first President of the Republic of China (d. 1925)
- 1881 - Maximilian von Weichs, German field marshal (d. 1954)
- 1886 - Ben Travers, British playwright (d. 1980)
- 1889 - DeWitt Wallace, American magazine publisher (d. 1981)
- 1896 - Salim Ali, Indian ornithologist (d. 1987)
- 1898 - Leon Štukelj, Slovene gymnast, Olympic gold medalist and athlete (d. 1999)
- 1903 - Jack Oakie, American actor (d. 1978)
- 1908 - Harry Blackmun, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1999)
- 1915 - Roland Barthes, French critic and writer (d. 1980)
- 1917 - Jo Stafford, American singer
- 1920 - Richard Quine, American actor (d. 1989)
- 1922 - Kim Hunter, American actress (d. 2002)
- 1923 - Vicco von Bülow, German graphic artist, actor and film director
- 1929 - Michael Ende, German writer (d. 1995)
- 1929 - Grace Kelly, Princess Grace of Monaco, American actress (d. 1982)
- 1930 - Ann Flood, American actress
- 1934 - Charles Manson, American cult leader and mass murderer
- 1936 - Mills Lane, American judge and boxing referee
- 1943 - Brian Hyland, American singer
- 1943 - Wallace Shawn, American actor and playwright
- 1944 - Booker T. Jones, American musician, singer, and songwriter (Booker T and the MG's)
- 1944 - Al Michaels, American television sportscaster
- 1945 - Neil Young, Canadian singer, songwriter, and musician
- 1958 - Megan Mullally, American actress
- 1961 - Nadia Comaneci, Romanian gymnast
- 1961 - Enzo Francescoli, Uruguayan footballer
- 1966 - David Schwimmer, American actor
- 1967 - Michael Moorer, American boxer
- 1968 - Glenn Gilberti, American professional wrestler
- 1968 - Sammy Sosa, Dominican Major League Baseball player
- 1968 - Aaron Stainthorpe, British singer (My Dying Bride)
- 1969 - Kathleen Hanna, American singer and songwriter
- 1969 - Heinz-Christian Strache, Austrian politician
- 1970 - Tonya Harding, American figure skater
- 1970 - Harvey Stephens, British child actor
- 1973 - Mayte Garcia, American dancer
- 1975 - Angela Watson, American actress
- 1976 - Tevin Campbell, American R&B musician
- 1976 - Mirosław Szymkowiak, Polish footballer
- 1976 - Judith Holofernes, german singer (Wir Sind Helden)
- 1977 - Dalene Kurtis, American Playboy model
- 1978 - Andrew Kinlochan, English singer and musician
- 1979 - Matt Cappotelli, American professional wrestler
- 1980 - Ryan Gosling, Canadian actor
- 1981 - DJ Campbell, English football player
- 1982 - Anne Hathaway, American actress
- 1984 - Omarion, American R&B musician
Deaths
- 607 - Pope Boniface III
- 1035 - Canute the Great
- 1094 - King Duncan II of Scotland (b. 1060)
- 1434 - King Louis III of Naples
- 1555 - Stephen Gardiner, English stateman
- 1595 - John Hawkins, English shipbuilder and trader (b. 1532)
- 1667 - Hans Nansen, Danish statesman (b. 1598)
- 1671 - Thomas Fairfax, English Civil War general (b. 1612)
- 1742 - Friedrich Hoffmann, German physician and chemist (b. 1660)
- 1757 - Colley Cibber, English poet (b. 1671)
- 1836 - Juan Ramón Balcarce, Argentine military leader and politician (b. 1773)
- 1865 - Elizabeth Gaskell, English novelist (b. 1810)
- 1916 - Percival Lowell, American amateur astronomer, founder of Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona (b. 1855)
- 1939 - Norman Bethune, Canadian doctor and humanitarian (b. 1890)
- 1941 - Abe "Kid Twist" Reles, American mobster (b. 1907)
- 1948 - Umberto Giordano, Italain composer (b. 1867)
- 1955 - Alfréd Hajós, Hungarian swimmer (b. 1878)
- 1976 - Walter Piston, American composer (b. 1894)
- 1981 - William Holden, American actor (b. 1918)
- 1984 - Chester Himes, American author (b. 1909)
- 1990 - Eve Arden, American actress (b. 1908)
- 1993 - H. R. Haldeman, White House Chief of Staff (b. 1926)
- 1994 - Wilma Rudolph, American runner (b. 1940)
- 1997 - Carlos Surinach, Spanish composer (b. 1915)
- 2001 - Tony Miles, English chess player (b. 1955)
- 2003 - Jonathan Brandis, American actor (b. 1976)
- 2003 - Penny Singleton, American actress (b. 1908)
- 2003 - Tony Thompson, American drummer (CHIC, Power Station) (b. 1954)
- 2003 - Kay E. Kuter, American actor (b. 1925)
- 2005 - William G. Adams, former mayor of St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. (b. 1923)
Holidays and observances
- R.C. Saints - Saint Lieven (Leafwini, Lebuin); Josaphat Kuncevyc
- Also see November 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Bahá'í Faith: Holy Day, Birth of Bahá'u'lláh
- National Holiday: Birth of Sun Yat-Sen (observed in China and Taiwan)
Fiction
- In the Back To The Future film trilogy, 1955 is a key date. It is the date of the "famous Hill Valley lightning storm" which sends Marty McFly back to 1985 in his DeLorean time machine, and the date Marty gets his parents together. In Back to the Future Part II, Marty and Doc Brown return to this date to stop Biff Tannen from changing history. Doc Brown hyposthesizes that this date might hold some special significance, being the temporal junction point for the entire space-time continuum (or, as he says, "it could just be an amazing coincidence").
External links
November 11 - November 13 - October 12 - December 12 -- listing of all days
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