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<h1>Nucleoside</h1>
<p><a href="http://encycl.opentopia.com/">Encyclopedia</a> : <a href="http://encycl.opentopia.com/N">N</a> : <a href="http://encycl.opentopia.com/N/NU">NU</a> : <a href="http://encycl.opentopia.com/N/NU/NUC">NUC</a> : Nucleoside</p>
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<table   border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em"><tr  align="center" valign="bottom">
<th > Nucleobase
</th><th > Nucleoside
</th><th > Deoxynucleoside
</td></tr><tr  align="center" valign="">
<td > <img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/thumb/90/89095/58px-Adenine_chemical_structure.png" class="image" width="58" height="71" alt="Chemical structure of adenine" title="Chemical structure of adenine" /><br/><a href="/term/Adenine">Adenine</a><br/>
</td><td > <img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/thumb/90/89095/95px-A_chemical_structure.png" class="image" width="95" height="103" alt="Chemical structure of adenosine" title="Chemical structure of adenosine" /><br/><a href="/term/Adenosine">Adenosine</a><br/>A
</td><td > <img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/thumb/90/89095/95px-DA_chemical_structure.png" class="image" width="95" height="103" alt="Chemical structure of deoxyadenosine" title="Chemical structure of deoxyadenosine" /><br/><a href="/term/Deoxyadenosine">Deoxyadenosine</a><br/>dA
</td></tr><tr  align="center" valign="">
<td > <img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/thumb/90/89095/86px-Guanine_chemical_structure.png" class="image" width="86" height="71" alt="Chemical structure of guanine" title="Chemical structure of guanine" /><br/><a href="/term/Guanine">Guanine</a><br/>
</td><td > <img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/thumb/90/89095/123px-G_chemical_structure.png" class="image" width="123" height="103" alt="Chemical structure of guanosine" title="Chemical structure of guanosine" /><br/><a href="/term/Guanosine">Guanosine</a><br/>G 
</td><td > <img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/thumb/90/89095/123px-DG_chemical_structure.png" class="image" width="123" height="103" alt="Chemical structure of deoxyguanosine" title="Chemical structure of deoxyguanosine" /><br/><a href="/term/Deoxyguanosine">Deoxyguanosine</a><br/>dG
</td></tr><tr  align="center" valign="">
<td > <img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/thumb/90/89095/63px-Thymine_chemical_structure.png" class="image" width="63" height="68" alt="Chemical structure of thymine" title="Chemical structure of thymine" /><br/><a href="/term/Thymine">Thymine</a><br/>
</td><td > <img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/thumb/90/89095/87px-M5U_chemical_structure.png" class="image" width="87" height="100" alt="Chemical structure of 5-methyluridine" title="Chemical structure of 5-methyluridine" /><br/><a href="/term/5-Methyluridine">5-Methyluridine</a><br/>m<sup>5</sup>U 
</td><td > <img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/thumb/90/89095/87px-DT_chemical_structure.png" class="image" width="87" height="100" alt="Chemical structure of thymidine" title="Chemical structure of thymidine" /><br/>Deoxythymidine<br/>dT
</td></tr><tr  align="center" valign="">
<td > <img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/thumb/90/89095/51px-Uracil_chemical_structure.png" class="image" width="51" height="68" alt="Chemical structure of uracil" title="Chemical structure of uracil" /><br/><a href="/term/Uracil">Uracil</a><br/>
</td><td > <img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/thumb/90/89095/87px-U_chemical_structure.png" class="image" width="87" height="100" alt="Chemical structure of uridine" title="Chemical structure of uridine" /><br/><a href="/term/Uridine">Uridine</a><br/>U
</td><td > <img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/thumb/90/89095/87px-DU_chemical_structure.png" class="image" width="87" height="100" alt="Chemical structure of deoxyuridine" title="Chemical structure of deoxyuridine" /><br/><a href="/term/Deoxyuridine">Deoxyuridine</a><br/>dU
</td></tr><tr  align="center" valign="">
<td > <img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/thumb/90/89095/51px-Cytosine_chemical_structure.png" class="image" width="51" height="68" alt="Chemical structure of cytosine" title="Chemical structure of cytosine" /><br/><a href="/term/Cytosine">Cytosine</a><br/>
</td><td > <img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/thumb/90/89095/87px-C_chemical_structure.png" class="image" width="87" height="100" alt="Chemical structure of cytidine" title="Chemical structure of cytidine" /><br/><a href="/term/Cytidine">Cytidine</a><br/>C
</td><td > <img src="http://encycl.opentopia.com/enimages/thumb/90/89095/87px-DC_chemical_structure.png" class="image" width="87" height="100" alt="Chemical structure of deoxycytidine" title="Chemical structure of deoxycytidine" /><br/><a href="/term/Deoxycytidine">Deoxycytidine</a><br/>dC
</td></tr><tr >
</tr></table><p>

<strong>Nucleosides</strong> are <a href="/term/Glycosylamine">glycosylamine</a>s made by attaching a <a href="/term/Nucleobase">nucleobase</a> (often referred to simply as bases) to a <a href="/term/Ribose">ribose</a> or <a href="/term/Deoxyribose">deoxyribose</a> ring. Examples of these include <a href="/term/Cytidine">cytidine</a>, <a href="/term/Uridine">uridine</a>, <a href="/term/Adenosine">adenosine</a>, <a href="/term/Guanosine">guanosine</a>, <a href="/term/Thymidine">thymidine</a> and <a href="/term/Inosine">inosine</a>.<p>

Nucleosides can be phosphorylated by specific <a href="/term/Kinase">kinase</a>s in the cell, producing <a href="/term/Nucleotide">nucleotide</a>s, which are the molecular building blocks of <a href="/term/DNA">DNA</a> and <a href="/term/RNA">RNA</a>.<p>

Nucleosides are produced as the second step in nucleic acid digestion, when nucleotidases break down <a href="/term/Nucleotide">nucleotide</a>s (such as the <a href="/term/Thymine">thymine</a> nucleotide) into nucleosides (such as <a href="/term/Thymidine">thymidine</a>) and phosphate. The nucleosides, in turn, are subsequently broken down:
<dl><dd>- in the <a href="/term/Lumen">lumen</a> of the digestive system by nucleosidases into nitrogenous bases and <a href="/term/Ribose">ribose</a> (or <a href="/term/Deoxyribose">deoxyribose</a>).</dd>
<dd>- inside the cell by nucleoside phosphorylases into <a href="/term/Nitrogenous_base">nitrogenous base</a>s, and ribose-1-phosphate (or deoxyribose-1-phosphate).</dd>
</dl>
<br style="clear: both;" /><p>

<a name="See_also" id="See_also"></a><h2>See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/term/Nucleobase">Nucleobase</a></li><li><a href="/term/Nucleotide">Nucleotide</a></li><li><a href="/term/DNA">DNA</a></li><li><a href="/term/RNA">RNA</a></li><li><a href="/term/Adenosine_triphosphate">Adenosine triphosphate</a> (ATP)</li></ul><p>

<div align="center">
<table   align=center class="toccolours" style="margin: 2em 2em 2em 2em";><tr >
<th   style="background: #ccccff" > <a href="/term/Nucleic_acid">Nucleic acid</a>s <small><small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand">&#091;http://encycl.opentopia.com/ edit&#093</small></small>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   align="center" ><strong><a href="/term/Nucleobase">Nucleobase</a>s</strong>: <small><a href="/term/Adenine">Adenine</a> | <a href="/term/Thymine">Thymine</a> | <a href="/term/Uracil">Uracil</a> | <a href="/term/Guanine">Guanine</a> | <a href="/term/Cytosine">Cytosine</a> | <a href="/term/Purine">Purine</a> | <a href="/term/Pyrimidine">Pyrimidine</a></small>
</td></tr><tr >
<td  align="center"><strong><a href="/term/Nucleoside">Nucleoside</a>s</strong>: <small><a href="/term/Adenosine">Adenosine</a> |  <a href="/term/Uridine">Uridine</a> | <a href="/term/Guanosine">Guanosine</a> | <a href="/term/Cytidine">Cytidine</a> | <a href="/term/Deoxyadenosine">Deoxyadenosine</a> | <a href="/term/Thymidine">Thymidine</a> | <a href="/term/Deoxyguanosine">Deoxyguanosine</a> | <a href="/term/Deoxycytidine">Deoxycytidine</a>  </small>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   align="center"><strong><a href="/term/Nucleotide">Nucleotide</a>s</strong>: <small><a href="/term/Adenosine_monophosphate">AMP</a> | <a href="/term/Uridine_monophosphate">UMP</a> | <a href="/term/Guanosine_monophosphate">GMP</a> | <a href="/term/Cytidine_monophosphate">CMP</a> | <a href="/term/Adenosine_diphosphate">ADP</a> | <a href="/term/Uridine_diphosphate">UDP</a> | <a href="/term/Guanosine_diphosphate">GDP</a> | <a href="/term/Cytidine_diphosphate">CDP</a> | <a href="/term/Adenosine_triphosphate">ATP</a> | UTP | <a href="/term/Guanosine_triphosphate">GTP</a> | CTP | <a href="/term/Cyclic_adenosine_monophosphate">cAMP</a> | <a href="/term/Cyclic_guanosine_monophosphate">cGMP</a></small>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   align="center"><strong><a href="/term/Deoxynucleotide">Deoxynucleotide</a>s</strong>: <small>dAMP | <a href="/term/Thymidine_monophosphate">dTMP</a> | dGMP | <a href="/term/Deoxycytidine">dCMP</a> | dADP | <a href="/term/Thymidine_diphosphate">dTDP</a> | dGDP | dCDP | dATP | <a href="/term/Thymidine_triphosphate">dTTP</a> | dGTP | dCTP</small>
</td></tr><tr >
<td   align="center"><strong><a href="/term/Nucleic_acid">Nucleic acid</a>s</strong>: <small><a href="/term/DNA">DNA</a> | <a href="/term/Mitochondrial_DNA">mtDNA</a> | <a href="/term/Complementary_DNA">cDNA</a> | <a href="/term/GNA_(nucleic_acid)">GNA</a> | <a href="/term/RNA">RNA</a> | <a href="/term/Messenger_RNA">mRNA</a> | <a href="/term/Transfer_RNA">tRNA</a> | <a href="/term/Ribosomal_RNA">rRNA</a> | <a href="/term/Non-coding_RNA">ncRNA</a> | sgRNA | <a href="/term/Small_hairpin_RNA">shRNA</a> | <a href="/term/Small_interfering_RNA">siRNA</a> | snRNA | <a href="/term/Micro_RNA">miRNA</a> | snoRNA | <a href="/term/Locked_nucleic_acid">LNA</a> | <a href="/term/PNA">PNA</a> | <a href="/term/TNA_(nucleic_acid)">TNA</a> | <a href="/term/Oligonucleotide">Oligonucleotide</a></small>
</td></tr></table>
</div><p>

<p>


Note: Nucleosides can be produced by combining nucleobases with deoxyribose rings as well.<p>

<p>

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