Number sign
Encyclopedia : N : NU : NUM : Number sign
| Punctuation |
|---|
|
apostrophe ( ' ) ( ’ ) brackets ( ( ) ) ( [ ] ) ( ) ( 〈 〉 ) colon ( : ) comma ( , ) dashes ( ‒ ) ( – ) ( — ) ( ― ) ellipsis ( … ) ( ... ) exclamation mark ( ! ) full stop/period ( . ) guillemets ( « » ) hyphen ( - ) ( ‐ ) interpunct ( · ) question mark ( ? ) quotation marks ( " ) ( ‘ ’ ) ( “ ” ) semicolon ( ; ) slash/solidus ( / ) |
| Interword separation |
|
spaces ( ) ( ) ( ) |
| General typography |
|
ampersand ( & ) asterisk ( * ) asterism ( ⁂ ) at ( @ ) backslash ( \ ) bullet ( • ) caret ( ^ ) currency ( ¤ ) & ¢, $, €, £, ¥ dagger ( † ) ( ‡ ) degree ( ° ) interrobang ( ‽ ) number sign ( # ) percent and related signs ( % ) ( ‰ ) ( ‱ ) pilcrow ( ¶ ) prime ( ′ ) Inverted exclamation point (¡) inverted question mark (¿) section sign ( § ) tilde ( ~ ) Irony mark Sarcasm mark umlaut/diaresis ( ¨ ) underscore/understrike ( _ ) vertical line/pipe/broken bar ( | ) ( ¦ ) |
In many parts of the world, including the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Russia and the rest of Europe the name is used for the sign "№", which is Unicode U+2116 and does not appear in ASCII. It is often written simply as No. or using a superscript No. Unicode calls this sign the Numero sign to avoid confusion. Note that in these contexts, the # sign is not used to indicate a number or numerical value.
In the United States, the symbol was traditionally called the pound sign. This derives from a series of abbreviations for pound avoirdupois, which is a unit of mass (although pound is generally used as a unit of weight; for more information, see pound-force and pound avoirdupois). At first "lb." was used; later, printers got a special font made up of an "lb" with a line through the ascenders so that the "l" would not be mistaken for a "1". Unicode character U+2114 (℔) is called the "LB Bar Symbol," and it is a cursive development of this symbol. Finally came the reduction to two horizontal and two vertical strokes.
Its traditional commercial use in the U.S. was such that when it followed a number, it was to be read as "pounds", as in 5# of sugar, and when it preceded a number, it was to be read as 'number', as in #2 pencil. Thus the same character in a printer's type case had two uses.
Other Names
It has many other names (and uses) in English. (Those in bold are listed as alternative names in the Unicode documentation.)
- comment sign
- *from its use in many shell scripts and some programming languages like Perl to introduce comment text
- crosshatch
- *resemblance
- *Ken Moody, lecturer at the University of Cambridge, used to call it "chickenscratch"
- crunch
- *possibly used by computer programmers, as parallel to ! (exclamation mark), which programmers often call "bang". These two characters are used together in shell scripts. The parallelism stems from cosmological physics, which posits that the universe began in a "big bang" and may end in a "big crunch".
- fence, gate, grid, gridlet
- *resemblance
- hash / hash mark / hash sign
- *the most common name outside the U.S., including in the UK, Australia, and New Zealand.
- **this is the name used by UK computer professionals.
- *Used in the UK, Australia, and New Zealand on touch-tone telephones – "Please press the hash key"
- *In the UK the symbol is often used as medical shorthand for 'fracture' [link]
- hex
- *from its use to denote hexadecimal values in some markup and programming languages
- mesh
- *introduced in the tonsil of the Intercal reference manual, and often reproduced in The Hacker's Dictionary
- octothorn
- *William Sherk in 500 Years of New Words (1983), p. 272, has the following entry: "Octothorn, The number sign (#); so called because there are eight points, or thorns, sticking out of it ..."
- octalthorpe / octothorp / octothorpe / octatherp
- *See for etymology. With some detail at [www.octothorp.us].
- *See http://doug.kerr.home.att.net/pumpkin/index.htm#Octatherp for detailed alternate etymology.
- *The Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, 1991, has a long article that's consistent with Doug Kerr's essay, in that it says octotherp was the original spelling, and that the word arose in the 1960s among telephone engineers.
- * http://www.worldwidewords.org/weirdwords/ww-oct1.htm tells of three possible etymologies, none likely, and says it wasn't in print until 1974, so the Merriam-Webster story that says it appeared in the 1960s may be more credible.
- pig pen
- *resemblance
- pound / pound sign
- *Used as the symbol for the pound avoirdupois in the U.S. (where lb. would be used in the UK and Canada; note that lb. or lbs. is common in the U.S. as well and is used by the general public more often than #). It is never called a "pound sign" in the UK, where that term always denotes the symbol for pounds sterling (£) rather than that for pounds weight (lb).
- **Keith Gordon Irwin in, The Romance of Writing, p. 125 says: "The Italian libbra (from the old Latin word libra, 'balance') represented a weight almost exactly equal to the avoirdupois pound of England. The Italian abbreviation of lb with a line drawn across the letters was used for both weights. The business clerks' hurried way of writing the abbreviation appears to have been responsible for the # sign used for pound."
- *Used in the U.S. and Canada on touch-tone telephones – "Please press the pound key"
- sharp
- *resemblance to the glyph used in music notation. Since most fonts don't contain the sharp sign most websites will doubtless continue to use the fallback hash mark. The music sharp sign, which should be used if available, is U+266F (♯).
- *so called in the name of the Microsoft-invented programming language, C
# . However Microsoft says at [Frequently Asked Questions About C#]:
It's not the "hash" (or pound) symbol as most people believe. It's actually supposed to be the musical sharp symbol. However, because the sharp symbol is not present on the standard keyboard, it's easier to type the hash ("#") symbol. The name of the language is, of course, pronounced "see sharp".
According to the [ECMA-334 C# Language Specification], section 6, Acronyms and abbreviations, the name of the language is written "C#" ("LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C (U+0043) followed by the NUMBER SIGN # (U+0023)") and pronounced "C Sharp". - *In computing a shebang is the inexact contraction of sharp and bang the typical names of the # and ! signs used at the beginning of executable text files.
- space sign
- *used by editors to indicate where space should be inserted in a This can mean (1) a line space (the space between two adjacent lines denoted by line # in the margin), (2) a hair space (the space between two letters in a word, denoted by hr #) (3) a word space, or letter space (the space between two words on a line, two letter spaces being ##). Em- and en-spaces (being the length of a letter m and n, respectively) are indicated by a square-shaped em- or en-quad character ( and ̷, respectively).
- splat
- *colloquial term referring to vague resemblance of # to a squashed spider
- *sometimes used for the asterisk (*), for the same reason
- *sometimes used for the cloverleaf-like Command key on keyboards for Apple Macintosh computer keyboards
- square
- *occasionally used in the UK (e.g. sometimes in BT publications and automatic messages) - especially during the Prestel era, when the symbol was a page address delimiter
- *the International Telecommunications Union specification ITU-T E.161 3.2.2 states: "The # is to be known as a 'square' or the most commonly used equivalent term in other languages."
- tic-tac-toe (U.S.) / noughts-and-crosses (UK)
- *resemblance to game board
- widget mark
name or id which defines a position within that resource or a section of the document. For example, in the URL http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_sign#In_other_languages the portion after the # (In_other_languages)is the fragment identifier (a link such as this will take you to a section in a web page, such as the 'In other languages' section of this article). A relative reference to the fragment from within the document itself can start with the number sign, and consist of just the fragment identifier: In other languages
- Arabic: "مربع", pronounced "morabaa" (square)
- Basque: Traol
- Bulgarian: диез, pronounced dies
- Catalan: Coixinet
- Chinese: "井號" (jǐng hào; literally: "well" sign) as it resembles the hanzi for water well (井; jǐng)
- Czech: mřížka (small grid or small bar)
- Danish: firkant (square), the official name used by telcos for touch-tone key, or havelåge (garden gate from the gate in a picket fence)
- Dutch: hekje (picket fence), spoorwegovergang (railroad crossing)
- Estonian: trellid (grate)
- Finnish: ruutu (square) or risuaita (brushwood fence)
- French: dièse (sharp sign) || Note: in Québec it is called carré (=square)
- German: Raute or Rautenzeichen (Rhombus, the official name used by telcos for the touch-tone key), Lattenzaun (picket fence), Doppelkreuz (double cross)
- Greek: δίεση (diesis)
- Hebrew: סוּלָמִית, pronounced sulamit (from sulam == "ladder" + -it, feminine ending)
- Hungarian: kettőskereszt (double cross)
- Italian: cancelletto (small gate)
- Japanese: "番号記号" (bangōkigō, "number sign"); "井桁" (igeta, literally the rim of a well, which is traditionally this shape) or "シャープ" (sharp in katakana)
- Latvian: restīte [IPA: restiːte] (little grid)
- Norwegian: firkant (square) or (sometimes) skigard (A particular kind of fence with a visual resemblance)
- Persian: "چهارگوش" (Four-Corner) pronounced "Chaa'haa'r Goo'sh"
- Polish: hash, krzyżyk (sharp sign), the former used by IT professionals and the latter by telecom
- Portuguese: cardinal, used in mathematics notation to represent the cardinality of a set, sustenido ("sharp sign"), jogo-da-velha ("tic-tac-toe"). Also known as "cerquilha" in Brazil. because it resembles a picket fence (cerca).
- Romanian: diez ("sharp sign")
- Russian: решётка (reshëtka), pronounced rye-SHOT-ka (grid)
- Spanish: numeral, cuadradillo, almohadilla ("cushion"), sostenido ("sharp sign"), michi, gato, tatetí (the last three meaning "tic-tac-toe")
- Slovak: mriežka ("small grid")
- Swedish: stakettecken (fence sign), "staket" (fence), "galler" ("grid, grating") fyrkant (square), ruta ('square, box') or brädgård (timberyard)
- Swiss German: Gartehag (fence)
- Thai: เครื่องหมายสี่เหลี่ยม (square sign, only used in telephone service)
- Turkish: Sayı işareti
See also
References (as numbered above)
From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Original article here. Support Wikipedia by contributing or donating.
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License See Wikipedia Copyrights for details.