October 12
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is the 285th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (286th in leap years). There are 80 days remaining.
Events
- 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon.
- 1216 - King John lost his crown jewels in The Wash, probably near Fosdyke, perhaps near Sutton Bridge
- 1492 - Christopher Columbus's expedition makes landfall in the Caribbean. The explorer believes he has reached East Asia
- 1582 - Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
- 1609 - "Three Blind Mice" published by London teenage songwriter Thomas Ravenscroft
- 1654 - The Delft Explosion devastates the city in the Netherlands, killing more than 100.
- 1681 - A London woman is publicly flogged for the crime of "involving herself in politics"
- 1709 - After a democratic voting, La Villa de San Francisco de Cuéllar was founded, which with time turned into San Felipe del Real Chihuahua and now it is known as the city of Chihuahua.
- 1773 - America's first insane asylum opens for 'Persons of Insane and Disordered Minds' in Virginia
- 1775 - The United States Navy is formed.
- 1792 - First celebration of Columbus Day in the USA held in New York
- 1793 - The cornerstone of Old East, the oldest state university building in the United States, is laid on the campus of the University of North Carolina
- 1810 - First Oktoberfest: The Bavarian royalty invites the citizens of Munich to join the celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria to Princess Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen.
- 1823 - Charles Macintosh, of Scotland, sells the first raincoat.
- 1850 - The first women's medical college opens, in Pennsylvania.
- 1859 - Self-described "Emperor of the United States" Joshua A. Norton issues a decree dissolving the U.S. Congress
- 1892 - The Pledge of Allegiance is first recited in unison by students in US public schools.
- 1899 - Boer republic of South Africa declares war with England.
- 1901 - President Theodore Roosevelt officially renames the "Executive Mansion" to the White House.
- 1915 - World War I: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German firing squad for helping Allied soldiers escape from Belgium
- 1928 - An iron lung respirator is used for the first time at Children's Hospital, Boston
- 1933 - The United States Army Disciplinary Barracks on Alcatraz Island, is acquired by the United States Department of Justice
- 1938 - Filming starts on The Wizard of Oz
- 1942 - The USS Duncan is sunk by Japanese naval gunfire at the Battle of Cape Esperance
- 1953 - "The Caine Mutiny Court Martial" opens at Plymouth Theatre, New York
- 1958 - Atlanta synagogue bombing
- 1959 - At the national congress of APRA in Peru a group of leftist radicals are expelled from the party. They will later form APRA Rebelde.
- 1960 - Cold War: Nikita Khrushchev pounds his shoe on a desk at United Nations General Assembly meeting to protest a Philippine assertion of Soviet Union colonialist policy being conducted in Eastern Europe
- 1962 - Infamous Columbus Day Storm strikes the U.S. Pacific Northwest with record wind velocities; 46 dead and at least U.S. $230 million in damages
- 1964 - The Soviet Union launches the Voskhod 1 into Earth orbit as the first spacecraft with a multi-person crew and the first flight without space suits
- 1967 - Vietnam War: US Secretary of State Dean Rusk states during a news conference that proposals by the U.S. Congress for peace initiatives were futile because of North Vietnam's opposition
- 1968 - Equatorial Guinea becomes independent from Spain
- 1970 - Vietnam War: US President Richard Nixon announces that the United States will withdraw 40,000 more troops before Christmas
- 1972 - En route to her station in the Gulf of Tonkin, a racial brawl involving more than 100 sailors breaks out aboard the United States Navy aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk
- 1976 - The People's Republic of China announces that Hua Guofeng is the successor to the late Mao Tse-tung as chairman of Communist Party of China
- 1979 - The lowest recorded non-tornadic atmospheric pressure, 87.0 kPa (870 mbar or 25.69 inHg), occurred in the Western Pacific during Typhoon Tip
- 1983 - Japan's ex Prime Minister Tanaka Kakuei is found guilty of taking a $2 million bribe from Lockheed and is sentenced to 4 years in jail
- 1984 - Brighton hotel bombing: Margaret Thatcher survives an IRA bomb, which shredded her bathroom barely two minutes after she had left it
- 1988 - two officers of the Victoria Police are gunned down executional style in the Walsh Street police shootings, Australia
- 1991 - Askar Akayev, previously chosen President of Kyrgyzstan by republic's Supreme Soviet, is confirmed president in an uncontested poll
- 1994 - NASA loses radio contact with the Magellan spacecraft as the probe descends into the thick atmosphere of Venus (the spacecraft presumably burned up in the atmosphere either October 13 or October 14)
- 1997 - Sidi Daoud massacre in Algeria; 43 killed at a fake roadblock
- 1998 - U.S. Congress passes Digital Millennium Copyright Act
- 1999 - Pervez Musharraf takes power in Pakistan from Nawaz Sharif through a bloodless coup.
- 1999 - The Day of 6 Billion: The 6 billionth human in the world is born.
- 2000 - In Aden, Yemen, the USS Cole is badly damaged by two suicide bombers, killing 17 crew members and wounding at least 39
- 2001 - War on Terrorism: Prompted by a request by US President George W. Bush, an episode of America's Most Wanted aired featuring 22 most wanted terrorists
- 2002 - Bali bombing: In Bali, terrorists detonate bombs in two nightclubs in Kuta, killing 202 and wounding over 300
- 2003 - Belarus mental hospital fire: Thirty patients die in a mental hospital fire in Randilovshchina, Belarus
- 2005 - The second Chinese human spaceflight Shenzhou 6 launched carrying Fèi Jùnlóng and Niè Hǎishèng for five days in orbit.
Births
- 1008 - Emperor Go-Ichijō of Japan (d. 1036)
- 1350 - Dmitry Donskoy, Grand Prince of Moscovy (d. 1389)
- 1490 - Bernardo Pisano, Italian composer (d. 1548)
- 1537 - King Edward VI of England (d. 1553)
- 1537 - Jane Grey, Queen of England (d. 1554)
- 1558 - Archduke Maximilian III of Austria (d. 1618)
- 1576 - Thomas Dudley, Massachusetts colonial magistrate (d. 1653)
- 1602 - William Chillingworth, English churchman (d. 1644)
- 1710 - Jonathan Trumbull, Governor of the Colony and the state of Connecticut (d. 1785)
- 1712 - William Shippen, American physician and Contental Congressman (d. 1801)
- 1725 - Etienne Louis Geoffroy, French pharmacist and entomologist (d. 1810)
- 1798 - Emperor Pedro I of Brazil (d. 1834)
- 1801 - Friedrich Frey-Herosé, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 1873)
- 1840 - Helena Modrzejewska, Polish-American actress (d. 1909)
- 1860 - Elmer Sperry, American inventor (d. 1930)
- 1865 - Arthur Harden, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940)
- 1866 - Ramsay MacDonald, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1937)
- 1872 - Ralph Vaughan Williams, English composer (d. 1958)
- 1875 - Aleister Crowley, English occultist and author (d. 1947)
- 1887 - Paula von Preradović, Croatian-Austrian poet (d. 1951)
- 1896 - Eugenio Montale, Italian poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1981)
- 1904 - Ding Ling, Chinese writer (d. 1986)
- 1906 - Joe Cronin, baseball player (d. 1984)
- 1908 - Ann Petry, American novelist (d. 1997)
- 1917 - Roque Máspoli, Uruguayan footballer
- 1924 - Doris Grau, American actress (d. 1995)
- 1932 - Dick Gregory, American comedian and activist
- 1934 - Richard Meier, Americian architect
- 1935 - Luciano Pavarotti, Italian tenor
- 1944 - Angela Rippon, British television personality
- 1947 - Chris Wallace, American journalist
- 1950 - Susan Anton, American actress
- 1950 - Kaga Takeshi, Japanese actor
- 1951 - Ed Royce, American politician
- 1953 - Serge Lepeltier, French politician
- 1953 - Les Dennis, British comedian and television presenter
- 1955 - Ante Gotovina, Croatian general
- 1955 - Jane Siberry, Canadian musician
- 1957 - Kristen Bjorn, British film director
- 1962 - Deborah Foreman, American actress
- 1962 - Carlos Bernard, American actor
- 1963 - Alan McDonald, Northern Irish footballer
- 1966 - Brian Kennedy, Northern Irish musician and author
- 1968 - Hugh Jackman, Australian actor and singer
- 1968 - Adam Rich, American actor
- 1969 - Martie Maguire, American musician (Dixie Chicks)
- 1970 - Kirk Cameron, American actor
- 1970 - Tanyon Sturtze, baseball player
- 1970 - Rodney Begnaud, professional wrestler
- 1970 - Charlie Ward, American basketball player
- 1972 - Irina Pantaeva, Russian supermodel and actress
- 1973 - Rodney Mack, Professional wrestler
- 1974 - Stephen Lee, English snooker player
- 1975 - Marion Jones, American athlete
- 1976 - Sarah Lane, American television personality
- 1977 - Young Jeezy, African-American rapper
- 1977 - Bode Miller, American alpine ski-racer
- 1979 - Jordan Pundik, American singer (New Found Glory)
- 1981 - Shola Ameobi, English footballer
- 1982 - Molly Bennett, Irish singer
- 1984 - Matthew Dewey, Australian composer
Deaths
- 632 - Edwin of Deira, King of Northumbria and Bretwalda
- 638 - Pope Honorius I
- 642 - Pope John IV
- 1095 - Margrave Leopold II of Austria (b. 1050)
- 1176 - William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel, English politician
- 1320 - Michael IX Palaeologus, co-ruling Eastern Roman Emperor
- 1491 - Fritz Herlen, German artist
- 1492 - Piero della Francesca, Italian painter
- 1565 - Jean Ribault, French explorer and colonizer (b. 1520)
- 1576 - Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1527)
- 1590 - Kano Eitoku, Japanese painter (b. 1543)
- 1600 - Luis Molina, Spanish Jesuit (b. 1535)
- 1632 - Kutsuki Mototsuna, Japanese samurai commander (b. 1549)
- 1646 - François de Bassompierre, Marshal of France (b. 1579)
- 1678 - Edmund Berry Godfrey, English magistrate (b. 1621)
- 1679 - William Gurnall, English writer (b. 1617)
- 1685 - Christoph Ignaz Abele, Austrian jurist (b. 1628)
- 1730 - King Frederick IV of Denmark (b. 1671)
- 1758 - Richard Molesworth, 3rd Viscount Molesworth, British field marshal (b. 1680)
- 1845 - Elizabeth Fry, British social reformer and philanthropist (b. 1780)
- 1870 - Robert E. Lee, American Confederate general (b. 1807)
- 1898 - Calvin Fairbank, American abolitionist minister (b. 1816)
- 1915 - Edith Cavell, English nurse (b. 1865)
- 1924 - Anatole France, French author, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1844)
- 1940 - Tom Mix, American actor (b. 1880)
- 1946 - Joseph Stilwell, U.S. general (b. 1883)
- 1954 - George Welch, American pilot (b. 1918)
- 1956 - Don Lorenzo Perosi, Italian composer (b. 1872)
- 1958 - Gordon Griffith, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1907)
- 1965 - Paul Hermann Müller, Swiss chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1899)
- 1969 - Sonja Henie, Norwegian figure skater (b. 1912)
- 1971 - Dean Acheson, U.S. Secretary of State (b. 1893)
- 1971 - Gene Vincent, Pioneering American rock'n'roll musician (b. 1935)
- 1978 - Nancy Spungen, Girlfriend of Sex Pistol Sid Vicious b. 1958)
- 1984 - Sir Anthony Berry, British politician (bombing victim) (b. 1925)
- 1985 - Johnny Olson, American game show announcer (b. 1910)
- 1985 - Ricky Wilson, American musician; member of The B-52's
- 1987 - Alf Landon, Governor of Kansas (b. 1887)
- 1993 - Leon Ames, American actor (b. 1902)
- 1993 - Tofik Bakhramov, Russian footballer (b. 1926)
- 1997 - John Denver, American singer (b. 1943)
- 1998 - Matthew Shepard, American murder victim (b. 1976)
- 1999 - Wilt Chamberlain, American basketball player (b. 1936)
- 2001 - Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone, British politician (b. 1907)
- 2002 - Ray Conniff, American bandleader and musician (b. 1916)
- 2002 - Audrey Mestre, French diver (b. 1974)
- 2003 - Jim Cairns, Australian politician (b. 1914)
- 2003 - Joan Kroc, American philanthropist (b. 1928)
- 2003 - Willie Shoemaker, American jockey (b. 1931)
- 2005 - C. Delores Tucker, American politician and civil rights activist (b. 1927)
Holidays and observances
October 12th is the feast day of the following Roman Catholic Saints:
- St. Wilfrid
- St. Edwin
- St. Amicus
- St. Salvinus
- St. Seraphinus
- Bl. Camillus Constanzi
- St. Domnina
- St. Edistius
- St. Fiace
- St. Felix and Cyprian
- St. Heribert
- St. Maximilian of Lorch
- St. Monas
- St. Pantalus
- Roman festivals - Fortuna Redux, last day of the Ludi Augustales
- RC Saints - Our Lady of the Pillar (Zaragoza, Spain); Saint Wilfrid
- Also see October 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Equatorial Guinea - Independence Day (from Spain, 1968)
- Malawi - Mother's Day
- Spain - Hispanic Day, National Day
- Columbus Day (traditionally) - United States.
- El Dia de la Raza - Latin America.
- French Republican Calendar - Chanvre (Hemp) Day, twenty-first day in the Month of Vendémiaire
External links
October 11 - October 13 - September 12 - November 12 -- listing of all days
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