October 13
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is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years). There are 79 days remaining.
Events
- 1282 - Nichiren Daishonin, founder of the Nichiren School of Buddhism, dies. His ashes are interred at Taisekiji Temple.
- 1307 - Hundreds of Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Phillip the Fair, to be later tortured into "admitting" heresy.
- 1582 - Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
- 1775 - The United States Continental Congress orders the establishment of the Continental Navy (later renamed the United States Navy).
- 1792 - In Washington, DC, the cornerstone of the United States Executive Mansion (known as the White House since 1818) is laid.
- 1812 - War of 1812: Battle of Queenston Heights - As part of the Niagara campaign in Ontario, Canada, United States forces under General Stephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops led by Sir Isaac Brock.
- 1843 - In New York City, Henry Jones and 11 others found B'nai B'rith (the oldest Jewish service organization in the world).
- 1845 - A majority of voters in the Republic of Texas approve a proposed constitution, that if accepted by the U.S. Congress, will make Texas a U.S. state.
- 1890 - The Delta Chi Fraternity is founded by 11 law students at Cornell University in Ithica, New York.
- 1917 - The "Miracle of the Sun" is witnessed by an estimated 70,000 persons in the Cova da Iria in Fatima, Portugal.
- 1918 - Mehmed Talat Pasha and the Young Turk (C.U.P.) ministry resign and sign an armistice, ending Ottoman participation in World War I
- 1923 - Ankara replaces Constantinople as the capital of Turkey.
- 1943 - World War II: The new government of Italy sides with the Allies and declares war on Germany.
- 1944 - World War II: Riga, the capital of Latvia is taken over by the Red Army
- 1946 - France adopts the constitution of the Fourth Republic.
- 1958 - Burial of Eugenio Pacelli, Pope Pius XII on the 41st anniversary of the "Miracle of the Sun".
- 1960 - 1960 World Series: Baseballer Bill Mazeroski becomes the first person to end a World Series with a home run.
- 1962 - Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? opens on Broadway.
- 1972 - An Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-62 crashed outside Moscow killing 176.
- 1972- Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 crashes in the Andes mountains, in between the borders of Argentina and Chile. By December 23, 1972 all 16 survivors were rescued.
- 1973 - The British progressive rock band Family perform their last concert at Leicester Polytechnic in Leicester, England, prior to their disbandment.
- 1976 - A Bolivian Boeing 707 cargo jet crashes in Santa Cruz, Bolivia killing 100 (97, mostly children, killed on the ground)
- 1976 - The first electron micrograph of an Ebola viral particle was obtained by Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, who was then working at the C.D.C..
- 1977 - Four Palestinians hijack a Lufthansa Airlines flight to Somalia and demand release of 11 members of the Red Army Faction.
- 1983 - Ameritech Mobile Communications (now Cingular) launched the first US cellular network in Chicago.
- 1999 - The United States Senate rejects ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT).
- 2003 - The Public Library of Science commences publication of an open-access scientific journal, PLoS Biology.
Births
- 709 - Emperor Kōnin Japan (d. 781)
- 1162 - Leonora of England, wife of Alfonso VIII of Castile (d. 1214)
- 1381 - Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, English politician (d. 1415)
- 1453 - Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales (d. 1471)
- 1474 - Mariotto Albertinelli, Italian painter (d. 1515)
- 1566 - Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, Irish politician (d. 1643)
- 1696 - John Hervey, Lord Hervey, English statesman and writer (d. 1743)
- 1713 - Allan Ramsay, Scottish painter (d. 1784)
- 1714 - Pieter Burmann the Younger, Dutch philologist (d. 1778)
- 1821 - Rudolf Virchow, German physician, pathologist, biologist, and politician (d. 1902)
- 1853 - Lillie Langtry, British actress (d. 1929)
- 1862 - Mary Kingsley, English writer and explorer (d. 1900)
- 1876 - Rube Waddell, baseball player (d. 1914)
- 1880 - Sasha Cherny, Russian poet (d. 1932)
- 1909 - Art Tatum, American jazz pianist (d. 1956)
- 1909 - Herbert Block, American cartoonist (d. 2001)
- 1911 - Ashok Kumar, Indian actor (d. 2001)
- 1915 - Terry Frost, English artist (d. 2003)
- 1915 - Cornel Wilde, American actor (d. 1989)
- 1917 - Laraine Day, American actor
- 1917 - Burr Tillstrom, American puppeteer (d. 1985)
- 1918 - Robert Hudson Walker, American actor (d. 1951)
- 1921 - Yves Montand, Italian-born singer and actor (d. 1991)
- 1923 - Faas Wilkes, Dutch football (soccer) player
- 1924 - Nipsey Russell, American comedian, actor, and television personality (d. 2005)
- 1925 - Lenny Bruce, American comedian (d. 1966)
- 1925 - Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- 1925 - Gustav Winckler, Danish singer (d. 1979)
- 1926 - Ray Brown, American jazz bassist (d. 2002)
- 1931 - Eddie Mathews, baseball player (d. 2001)
- 1931 - Raymond Kopa, French footballer
- 1932 - Jack Colvin, American actor (d. 2005)
- 1934 - Nana Mouskouri, Greek singer
- 1938 - Hugo Young, English journalist (d. 2003)
- 1939 - T. J. Cloutier, American poker player
- 1940 - Pharoah Sanders, American saxophonist
- 1941 - Paul Simon, American singer, songwriter, and guitarist
- 1942 - Jerry Jones, American football team owner
- 1944 - Robert Lamm, American musician (Chicago)
- 1946 - Edwina Currie, British politician
- 1947 - Sammy Hagar, American singer
- 1948 - Ted Poe, American politician
- 1950 - Dan Seals, American singer and songwriter
- 1953 - Pat Day, American jockey
- 1954 - Mordechai Vanunu, Israeli nuclear technician
- 1954 - Claude Ribbe, French historian
- 1956 - Chris Carter, American television producer
- 1958 - Jair-Rohm Parker Wells, American musician and composer
- 1959 - Marie Osmond, American entertainer
- 1960 - Ari Fleischer, White House Press Secretary
- 1962 - T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh, American actress
- 1962 - Kelly Preston, American actress
- 1962 - Jerry Rice, American football star
- 1964 - Niè Hǎishèng, Chinese astronaut
- 1964 - Christopher Judge, American actor
- 1966 - Javier Lopez Cantu, American Latino painter
- 1967 - Steve Vickers, English footballer
- 1969 - Nancy Kerrigan, American figure skater
- 1969 - Cady McClain, American actress
- 1971 - Sacha Baron Cohen, British comedian
- 1971 - Pyrros Dimas, Albanian weightlifter
- 1971 - Billy Bush, American TV host
- 1972 - Summer Sanders, American Olympic swimmer
- 1973 - Brian Dawkins, American football player
- 1973 - Nanako Matsushima, Japanese actress
- 1973 - Matt Hughes, Mixed Martial Fighter
- 1974 - Joseph Utsler, American rapper (Insane Clown Posse)
- 1975 - Tom Anderson, American entrepreneur
- 1975 - David Kennedy, American musician (Boxcar Racer, Angels and Airwaves)
- 1977 - Paul Pierce, American basketball player
- 1977 - Gareth Batty, English cricketer
- 1978 - Jermaine O'Neal, American basketball player
- 1979 - Wes Brown, English footballer
- 1980 - Ashanti, American musician
- 1980 - Magne Hoset, Norwegian footballer
- 1980 - Scott Parker, English footballer
- 1981 - Ryan Ashford, English footballer
- 1982 - Michael Clayton, American football player
- 1982 - Ian Thorpe, Australian swimmer
Deaths
- 54 - Claudius, Roman Emperor (b. 10 BC)
- 1282 - Nichiren Japanese founder of Nichiren Buddhism (b. 1222)
- 1415 - Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, English military leader (b. 1381)
- 1508 - Edmund de Ros, 11th Baron de Ros, English politician (b. 1446)
- 1605 - Theodore Beza, French theologian (b. 1519)
- 1673 - Kristoffer Gabel, Danish statesman (b. 1617)
- 1687 - Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer (b. 1633)
- 1694 - Samuel von Pufendorf, German jurist (b. 1632)
- 1706 - Iyasus the Great, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1682)
- 1715 - Nicolas Malebranche, French philosopher (b. 1638)
- 1759 - John Henley, English minister (b. 1692)
- 1788 - Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent, Irish politician and poet (b. 1702)
- 1812 - Sir Isaac Brock, British general (killed in battle) (b. 1769)
- 1815 - Joachim Murat, French marshal and King of Naples (executed) (b. 1767)
- 1825 - King Maximilian I of Bavaria (d. 1756)
- 1869 - Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804)
- 1882 - Arthur de Gobineau, French philosopher (b. 1816)
- 1890 - Samuel Freeman Miller, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1816)
- 1905 - Sir Henry Irving, the first British actor to be knighted (b. 1838)
- 1909 - Francisco Ferrer Guardia, Spanish free-thinker (b. 1849)
- 1917 - Florence La Badie, American actress
- 1919 - Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1857)
- 1931 - Ernst Didring, Swedish author (b. 1868)
- 1945 - Milton S. Hershey, American chocolate tycoon (b. 1857)
- 1950 - Ernest Haycox, American writer (b. 1899)
- 1955 - Manuel Ávila Camacho, President of Mexico (b. 1897)
- 1966 - Clifton Webb, American actor (b. 1889)
- 1968 - Bea Benaderet, American actress (b. 1906)
- 1974 - Ed Sullivan, American television personality (b. 1901)
- 1979 - Rebecca Clarke, English composer and violist (b. 1886)
- 1987 - Walter Brattain, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
- 1990 - Le Duc Tho, Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1911)
- 1998 - Gunpei Yokoi, creator of the Game Boy (b. 1941)
- 2002 - Stephen Ambrose, American historian and biographer (b. 1936)
- 2003 - Bertram Brockhouse, Canadian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
- 2005 - Vivian Malone Jones, American civil rights activist (b. 1942)
Holidays and observances
- Roman festivals - Fontanalia: festival dedicated to Fontus
- RC Saints - translation (1163) of Saint Edward the Confessor; memorial of Saint Gerald of Aurillac
- Also see October 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- John Peel Day - A day celebrating the life and influence of the late John Peel.
- French Republican Calendar - Pêche (Peach) Day, twenty-second day in the Month of Vendémiaire
External links
October 12 - October 14 - September 13 - November 13 - more historical anniversaries
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