October 19

Encyclopedia : O : OC : OCT : October 19

October 19 is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 73 days remaining.

Contents

1 Events
2 Births
3 Deaths
4 Holidays and observances
5 External links

Events

202 BC - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal.
439 - The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in North Africa.
1216 - King John of England dies at Newark-on-Trent and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry.
1453 - The French recapture of Bordeaux brings the Hundred Years' War to a close, with the English retaining only Calais on French soil.
1466 - The Thirteen Years' War ends with the Second Treaty of Toruń. Gdansk Pomerania and Prussia as a whole are incorporated into Poland; the Teutonic Knights are allowed to rule its eastern part as Polish vassals.
1469 - Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella of Castile, a marriage that paves the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain.
1512 - Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology (Doctor in Biblia).
1781 - Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis surrenders to George Washington and Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau at Yorktown, Virginia, ending the American Revolutionary War.
1789 - Chief Justice John Jay is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
1812 - Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow.
1813 - The Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats.
1822 - In Parnaíba city; Simplício Dias da Silva, João Cândido de Deus e Silva, Domingos Dias declares the Independence of State of Piauí.
1864 - Battle of Cedar Creek - Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroys Confederate Army under Jubal Early.
1864 - Confederate raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans, Vermont from Canada.
1873 - Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and Rutgers universities draft the first code of American football rules.
1912 - Italy takes possession of Tripoli, Libya from the Ottoman Empire.
1914 - The First Battle of Ypres begins.
1917 - Love Field in Dallas, Texas is opened.
1921 - Portuguese Prime Minister António Granjo and other politicians are murdered in a Lisbon coup.
1933 - Germany withdraws from the League of Nations.
1935 - The League of Nations places economic sanctions on fascist Italy for its invasion of Ethiopia.
1943 - Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University.
1944 - United States forces land in the Philippines.
1950 - The military of the People's Republic of China takes control of the town of Chamdo in eastern Tibet.
1953 - Arthur Godfrey fires Julius LaRosa live on American national TV.
1954 - First ascent of Cho Oyu
1960 - The United States government decides to place an embargo on Communist Cuba.
1969 - The first Prime Minister of Tunisia for twelve years is appointed by President Habib Bourguiba. He is Bahi Ladgham, who would serve until 2 November 1970.
1973 - President Richard Nixon rejects an Appeals Court demand to turn over the Watergate tapes.
1974 - Niue becomes independent from New Zealand
1982 - John De Lorean is arrested for trafficking in cocaine (later acquitted).
1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada, is overthrown and executed in a military coup d'état led by Bernard Coard.
1985 - The first Blockbuster Video store opens in Dallas, Texas.
1986 - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, and 33 others died when their Tupolev 134 plane crashed into the Lebombo Mountains.
1987 - In retaliation for Iranian attacks on ships in the Persian Gulf, the U.S. Navy disables three of Iran's offshore oil platforms.
1987 - (Black Monday) Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%.
1989 - Guildford Four convictions are quashed by the Court of Appeal - they had spent 15 years in prison through a miscarriage of justice.
1991 - 7.0 Richter Scale earthquake in Northern Italy - 2000 dead
1994 - New Zealand's Goodnight Kiwi says good night for the last time.
1998 - The Earth Liberation Front sets fire to the Vail Mountain ski resort in Vail, Colorado, causing $12 million in damage.
2001 - SIEV-X sinks en route to Christmas Island
2003 - Mother Teresa is beatified by Pope John Paul II.
2003 - David Blaine finally ended his 44-day endurance stunt of being sealed inside a transparent case suspended 30 feet in the air over Potters Fields Park, located in London.
2004 - Myanmar prime minister Khin Nyunt is ousted and placed under house arrest by the Thai government on charges of corruption.
2005 - Saddam Hussein goes on trial in Baghdad for crimes against humanity.
2005 - Hurricane Wilma becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb.
2005 - The legendary Busch Memorial Stadium is closed and destroyed.

Births

1276 - Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shogun (d. 1328)
1433 - Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (d. 1499)
1562 - Archbishop George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1633)
1582 - Dmitry Ivanovich, Tsarevich (d. 1591)
1605 - Thomas Browne, English writer (d. 1682)
1610 - James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, English statesman and soldier (d. 1688)
1658 - Adolf Friedrich II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1704)
1688 - William Cheselden, English surgeon and anatomist (d. 1752)
1680 - John Abernethy, Irish Protestant minister (d. 1740)
1718 - Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, Marshal of France (d. 1804)
1720 - John Woolman, American Quaker preacher and abolitionist (d. 1772)
1721 - Joseph de Guignes, French orientalist (d. 1800)
1784 - John McLoughlin, Canadian fur trader (d. 1857)
1858 - George Albert Boulenger, Belgian naturalist (d. 1937)
1862 - Auguste Lumière, French inventor (d. 1954)
1873 - Jaap Eden, Dutch skater and cyclist (d. 1925))
1885 - Charles Merrill, American investment banker (d. 1956)
1895 - Lewis Mumford, American historian (d. 1990)
1899 - Miguel Ángel Asturias, Guatemalan writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
1900 - Bill Ponsford, Australian cricketer (d. 1991)
1900 - Roy Worters, Canadian ice hockey goaltender (d. 1957)
1907 - Roger Wolfe Kahn, American bandleader (d. 1962)
1908 - Geirr Tveitt, Norwegian composer (d. 1981)
1909 - Cozy Cole, American jazz drummer (d. 1981)
1910 - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Indian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
1910 - Jean Genet, French author (d. 1986)
1913 - Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian poet and songwriter (d. 1980)
1916 - Jean Dausset, French immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1916 - Emil Gilels, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1994)
1922 - Jack Anderson, American journalist (d. 2005)
1926 - Joel Feinberg, American moral philosopher (d. 2004)
1926 - Arne Bendiksen, Norwegian singer and songwriter
1931 - John le Carré, English novelist
1932 - Robert Reed, American actor (d. 1992)
1937 - Peter Max, American artist
1940 - Michael Gambon, Irish actor
1942 - Andrew Vachss, American author and attorney
1944 - Peter Tosh, Jamaican musician, political activist (d. 1987
1945 - Divine, American actor (d. 1988)
1945 - John Lithgow, American actor
1946 - Philip Pullman, English writer
1947 - Giorgio Cavazzano, comics artist and illustrator
1948 - Pat Simmons, American musician (The Doobie Brothers)
1951 - Patricia Ireland, American President of the National Organization for Women
1956 - Carlo Urbani, Italian physician (d. 1993)
1960 - Jonathan FeBland English musician, writer and artist
1962 - Evander Holyfield, American boxer
1964 - Jorge Luis Gonzales, Cuban-born American boxer
1965 - Ty Pennington, American television carpenter
1966 - Jon Favreau, American actor, writer and director
1969 - Trey Parker, American cartoonist, comedian, writer, and actor
1972 - Pras, American musician
1972 - Keith Foulke, American baseball pitcher
1976 - Michael Young, baseball player
1990 - Janet Leon, Swedish singer (Play)

Deaths

727 - Saint Frideswide
1187 - Pope Urban III
1216 - King John
1432 - John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, English politician (b. 1392)
1587 - Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1541)
1608 - Martin Delrio, Flemish theologian and occultist (b. 1551)
1636 - Marcin Kazanowski, Polish politician
1682 - Thomas Browne, English writer (b. 1605)
1723 - Godfrey Kneller, German-born painter (b. 1646)
1745 - Jonathan Swift, Irish author (b. 1667)
1790 - Lyman Hall, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1724)
1813 - Józef Antoni Poniatowski, Polish prince and Marshal of France (friendly fire) (b. 1763)
1851 - Marie Thérèse Charlotte (b. 1778)
1889 - King Louis of Portugal (b. 1838)
1897 - George Pullman, American inventor and industrialist (b. 1831)
1901 - Carl Frederik Tietgen, Danish financier and industrialist (b. 1829)
1918 - Harold Lockwood, American actor (b. 1887)
1936 - Lu Xun, Chinese writer (b. 1881)
1937 - Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, New Zealand physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1871)
1943 - Camille Claudel, French sculptor (b. 1864)
1950 - Edna St. Vincent Millay, American poet (b. 1892)
1956 - Isham Jones, American musician (b. 1894)
1973 - Walt Kelly, American cartoonist (b. 1913)
1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada (b. 1944)
1987 - Jacqueline Du Pré, English cellist (b. 1945)
1987 - Hermann Lang, German race car driver (b. 1909)
1988 - Son House, American musician (b. 1902)
1992 - Arthur Wint, Jamaican runner (b. 1920)
1994 - Martha Raye, American comedian and actress (b. 1916)
1997 - Glen Buxton, American guitarist (b. 1947)
1999 - Nathalie Sarraute, Russian-born French writer (b. 1900)
2003 - Faith Fancher, American television journalist and activist (b. 1950)
2003 - Alija Izetbegovic, President of Bosnia-Herzegovina (b. 1925)
2003 - Margaret Murie, American conservationist (b. 1902)
2003 - Michael Hegstrand, American professional wrestler (b. 1957)
2004 - Kenneth E. Iverson, Canadian computer scientist and inventor of the APL programming language (b. 1920)
2005 - Dallas Cook, A trombone player in third-wave ska band Suburban Legends (b. 1982)

Holidays and observances

Roman festivals - Armilustrium in honor of Mars
Roman Catholic Saints - Saints Jean de Brébeuf, Isaac Jogues, and Companions; Saint Frideswide
Also see October 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Albania - Mother Teresa Day.
Brazil - Independence Day of State of Piauí
Niue - Constitution Day in honour of the country's independence (self-governing in free association with New Zealand) in 1974.
French Republican Calendar - Tomate (Tomato) Day, twenty-eighth day in the Month of Vendémiaire

External links

[BBC: On This Day]

October 18 - October 20 - September 19 - November 19 - more historical anniversaries

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