Office of Naval Research
Encyclopedia : O : OF : OFF : Office of Naval Research
The ONR, as it is frequently referred to, runs the Naval Research Lab (or NRL), the ONR Global Fleet/Forces division, the Naval Science and Technology Program, and the Commercial Technology Transition Office (CTTO).
The Office of Naval Research
The U.S. Secretary of the Navy established a main office for research within the Department of the Navy in May 1945, three days after the Japanese defeat.
The ONR was authorized by an Act of Congress, and subsequently approved by President Truman on August 1, 1946, with the stated mission of "planning, fostering, and encouraging scientific research in recognition of its paramount importance as related to the maintenance of future naval power and the preservation of national security."
Its initial operating budget was roughly $22 million.
The first Chief of Naval Research, Vice Admiral Harold Bowen, was instrumental in radar research and convincing the Navy to adopt high-temperature, high-pressure steam turbines.
Oversight of Educational Research
ONR and Department of Health and Human Services share audit oversight of federal research funds awarded to educational institutions. (ONR uses the services of the Defense Contract Audit Agency; DHHS has its own audit staff but will use DCAA services on occasion.)
Under the agreement between the two entities, whichever entity has the greatest share of funds awarded to the institution maintains responsibility for oversight. In the event neither entity has a majority share, DHHS by default maintains responsibility. Every five years, the sharing ratio at an institution is checked to see if oversight should be switched between the parties.
Naval Research Laboratory
Founded in 1923, the NRL employs roughly 1,500 scientists and engineers. It has a prestigious history, including the development of the first U.S. radar system, developing synthetic lubricants (for modern gas turbine engines), Over-the-Horizon Radar, the first US surveillance satellite, and the Clementine mission.
Fleet/Forces Division
The Fleet/Forces Division is responsible for planning and tactics. Such planning has included studies on "asymmetric attacks", wherein a small force (such as a pontoon boat filled with high explosive) is able to damage a much larger force (such as the USS Cole).
Studies focus on operations in littoral waters, and denial of enemy electronics and intelligence (through programs such as HAARP).
Naval Science and Technology Program
The ONR S&T Program is organized into thrusts, which are grouped into 23 research areas, including nanoelectronics, computational methods, underwater weaponry, and combat casualty care. It also has four Grand Challenges:
- Naval Battlespace Awareness
- Electric Power Sources for the Navy and Marine Corps
- Naval Materials Design
- Multifunctional Electronics for Intelligent Naval Sensors
Commercial Technology Transition Office
The CTTO exists as a broker between ONR and the rest of the Navy in finding successful and relevant [[Wiktionary:civilian|civilian]] technologies. It seeks technology within the civilian COTS market which will further naval research.
Gallery
See also
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