Ogonek

Encyclopedia : O : OG : OGO : Ogonek

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Diacritical marks
accent acute accent ( ˊ ) double acute accent ( ˝ ) grave accent ( ˋ ) breve ( ˘ ) caron / háček ( ˇ ) cedilla ( ¸ ) circumflex ( ˆ ) diaeresis / umlaut ( ¨ ) dot ( · ) anunaasika ( ˙ ) anusvaara (  ̣ ) hook / dấu hỏi (  ̉ ) macron ( ˉ ) ogonek ( ˛ ) ring / kroužek ( ˚ ) rough breathing / spiritus asper ( ʽ ) smooth breathing / spiritus lenis (  ʼ )
Marks sometimes used as diacritics
apostrophe ( ’ ) bar ( ) colon ( : ) comma ( , ) hyphen ( ˗ ) tilde ( ˜ ) titlo (  ҃ )

Not to be confused with Ogonyok.

Ogonek (Polish for little tail, the diminutive of ogon; the Lithuanian equivalent is nosinė which literally means nasal) is a diacritic hook placed under the lower right corner of a vowel in the Latin alphabet used in Polish (letters ą, ę), Lithuanian (ą, ę, į, ų), Creek, Navajo and Western Apache (ą, ąą, ę, ęę, į, įį, ǫ, ǫǫ), Chiricahua and Mescalero (ą, ąą, ę, ęę, į, įį, ų, ųų), Tutchone and Älvdalen Dalecarlian (ą, ę, į, ų, y̨ and ą̊). It is also used in academic transliteration of Old Church Slavonic and Old Norse. In Polish, Old Church Slavonic, Navajo, Western Apache, Chiricahua, and Älvdalen Dalecarlian it indicates that the vowel is nasalized; in Lithuanian, where it formerly indicated nasalization which is no longer distinctive, it indicates that a vowel is long. In Navajo, Chiricahua, Western Apache, and Mescalero it can be combined with the acute and grave accents where it indicates high tone or in long vowels high, falling, rising tone (e.g. ą́, ǫ́ǫ́, į́į). In the orthography conventions of Willem de Reuse, Western Apache has combinations of ogonek and macron (e.g. ǭ, į̄į̄).

The use of the ogonek to indicate nasality is common in the transcription of the indigenous languages of the Americas. This usage originated in the orthographies created by Christian missionaries to transcribe these languages. Later, the practice was continued by Americanist anthropologists and linguists who still follow this convention in phonetic transcription to the present day (see Americanist phonetic notation).

Ogonek should be almost the same size as a descender (in larger type sizes may be relatively quite shorter) and should not be confused with the cedilla or comma diacritic marks used in other languages.

Example in Polish:

Wół go pyta: „Panie chrząszczu,

Po co pan tak brzęczy w gąszczu?”

: — Jan Brzechwa, {{unicode

Example in Älvdalen Dalecarlian:

"Ja, eð war įe plåg að gęslkallum, dar eð war slaik uondlostjyner i gęslun."

:"I fäbodlivet i gamla tider", by Vikar Margit Andersdotter.

The HTML/Unicode numbers for ogonek letters are:

Upper Case		Lower Case
Letter	HTML	Letter	HTML
Ą	Ą	ą	ą
Ę	Ę	ę	ę
Į	Į	į	į
Ǫ	Ǫ	ǫ	ǫ
Ų	Ų	ų	ų

External links

• [Diacritics Project — All you need to design a font with correct accents]
• [Polish Diacritics — How To?]
• [Förslag till en enhetlig stavning för älvdalska (March, 2005)]

Latin alphabet	Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
Modified characters	Àà Ȁȁ Áá Ââ Ầầ Ấấ Ẫẫ Ẩẩ Ậậ Ãã Ää Ǟǟ Āā Ăă Ằằ Ắắ Ẵẵ Ặặ Ẳẳ Ȧȧ Ǡǡ Ạạ Åå Ḁḁ Ǻǻ Ȃȃ Ąą Ǎǎ Ảả Aʾẚ Ⱥ Ḃḃ Ḅḅ Ḇḇ ƀ Ɓɓ Ƃƃ Ćć Ĉĉ Ċċ Çç Ḉḉ Čč Ƈƈ Ȼȼ Ďď Ḋḋ Ḍḍ Ḏḏ Ḑḑ Ḓḓ Đđ Ɖɖ Ɗɗ Ƌƌ Èè Ȅȅ Éé Êê Ềề Ếế Ễễ Ệệ Ểể Ḛḛ Ëë Ēē Ḕḕ Ḗḗ Ĕĕ Ėė Ẹẹ E̩e̩ Ȇȇ Ȩȩ Ḝḝ Ęę Ěě Ẽẽ Ḙḙ Ẻẻ Ḟḟ Ƒƒ Ǵǵ Ĝĝ Ḡḡ Ğğ Ġġ Ģģ Ǧǧ Ǥǥ Ɠɠ Ĥĥ Ḣḣ Ḥḥ Ḧḧ Ȟȟ Ḩḩ Ḫḫ H̱ẖ Ħħ Ƕƕ Iı Ìì Ȉȉ Íí Îî Ĩĩ Ḭḭ Ïï Ḯḯ Īī Ĭĭ Ȋȋ Įį Ǐǐ İi Ịị Ỉỉ Ɨɨ ɟ Ĵĵ J̌ǰ Ḱḱ Ǩǩ Ķķ Ḳḳ Ḵḵ Ƙƙ Ĺĺ Ļļ Ľľ Ḷḷ Ḹḹ Ḻḻ Ḽḽ Ƚƚ Łł ɫ Ḿḿ M̃m̃ Ṁṁ Ṃṃ Ǹǹ Ńń N̈n̈ Ññ Ņņ Ňň Ṅṅ Ṇṇ Ṉṉ Ṋṋ Ŋŋ Ɲɲ Ƞƞ Òò Ȍȍ Óó Őő Ôô Ồồ Ốố Ỗỗ Ộộ Ổổ Õõ Ṍṍ Ṏṏ Ȭȭ Öö Ȫȫ Ōō Ṑṑ Ṓṓ Ŏŏ Ȏȏ Ǒǒ Ȯȯ Ȱȱ Ọọ O̩o̩ Ǫǫ Ǭǭ Ơơ Ờờ Ớớ Ỡỡ Ợợ Ởở Ỏỏ Ɵɵ Øø Ǿǿ Ṕṕ Ṗṗ P̃p̃ Ƥƥ ᵽ Ȑȑ Ŕŕ Ŗŗ Řř Ȓȓ Ṙṙ Ṛṛ Ṝṝ Ṟṟ ɽ Śś Ṥṥ Ŝŝ Şş Șș Šš Ṧṧ Ṡṡ Ṣṣ Ṩṩ S̩s̩ ȿ T̈ẗ Ţţ Țț Ťť Ṫṫ Ṭṭ Ṯṯ Ṱṱ Ŧŧ Ⱦ Ƭƭ Ʈʈ Ùù Ȕȕ Úú Űű Ûû Ũũ Ṹṹ Ṵṵ Üü Ṳṳ Ǜǜ Ǘǘ Ǖǖ Ǚǚ Ūū Ṻṻ Ŭŭ Ụụ Ůů Ȗȗ Ųų Ǔǔ Ṷṷ Ủủ Ưư Ừừ Ứứ Ữữ Ựự Ửử ʉ Ṽṽ Ṿṿ Ẁẁ Ẃẃ Ŵŵ Ẅẅ Ẇẇ Ẉẉ W̊ẘ Ẋẋ Ẍẍ Ỳỳ Ýý Ŷŷ Ÿÿ Ỹỹ Ȳȳ Ẏẏ Y̊ẙ Ỵỵ Ỷỷ Ƴƴ Źź Ẑẑ Żż Ẓẓ Žž Ẕẕ Ƶƶ Ȥȥ ɀ
	ɑ Ææ Ǽǽ Ǣǣ Ðð Ǝǝ Əə Ɛɛ Ƒƒ Ɩɩ Ȝȝ Ɣɣ Ƣƣ Kʻĸ ƛ Ɔɔ Œœ Ȣȣ Ʀʀ Ↄ Ʃʃ Þþ Ʊʊ ʌ Ʋʋ Ⅎ Ɯɯ ƿǷ ɥ Çç ɀ Ʒʒ Ǯǯ Ƹƹ Ƨƨ Зз Чч Ƽƽ Ƅƅ ʔ/Ɂ ǀ ǁ ǂ ǃ ʇ ʖ ʗ ʘ
Digraphs	Bh bh Ch ch C̱h c̱h CÖ cö Cs cs Cu cu Dd dd Dh dh Dj dj Dx dx Dz dz Dž dž Ff ff Gb gb Gh gh Gi gi Gn gn Gy gy Hs hs Hu hu IJ ij Jö jö Kh kh Kp kp Ku ku Lj lj Lh lh Ll ll Ly ly Mb mb Mp mp Nd nd Ng ng Nh nh Nj nj Nk nk Ns ns Nt nt Ny ny Nz nz Ph ph Qu qu Rd rd Rh rh Rl rl Rn rn Rr rr Rt rt Sh sh Sv sv Sy sy Sz sz Th th Tj tj Tr tr Ts ts Tx tx Tz tz Wh wh Xh xh Xö xö Yh yh Yk yk Zh zh Zs zs Zv zv
Trigraphs	Dzs dzs Ngb ngb Ngh ngh Ngk ngk Nkp nkp Nth nth Nyk nyk Rnd rnd Sch sch
Quadrigraphs	Nyng nyng
Stylistic variants	Carolingian G insular G ({{unicode r rotunda long s ({{unicode

 

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