Oldsmobile Cutlass
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The Oldsmobile Cutlass was an automobile made by the Oldsmobile division of General Motors. The Cutlass was introduced in 1961 as a unibody compact car competing with the Dodge Lancer and Mercury Comet.
Over the years, the Cutlass name was used by Oldsmobile as almost a sub-marque, with a number of different vehicles bearing the name simultaneously. This was probably shrewd, because the Cutlass name had great equity and became one of the most popular nameplates in the industry in the 1970s. However, the proliferation of Oldsmobile Cutlass models caused confusion in the market-place in the 1980s, when three different vehicles (the Cutlass Calais, Cutlass Ciera, and Cutlass Supreme) all shared the name. Some notable Cutlass models have their own pages:
- Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme - personal luxury car and mid-size sedan
- Oldsmobile 442 - muscle car
- Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais - compact car
- Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera - mid-size sedan
- Oldsmobile Vista Cruiser - station wagon
Origins of the Cutlass
The first Oldsmobile Cutlass was an experimental sports coupe designed in 1954. It rode a 110 in (2794 mm) wheelbase, and had a dramatic fastback roofline, with a stock Oldsmobile V8 engine. Its platform was quite similar to the later compact Olds F-85, which was not introduced for seven more years.First-Generation Compact
General Motors began developing its first compact cars in 1956, beginning with the Chevrolet Corvair. The following year a second series of somewhat larger cars was planned for Buick, Oldsmobile, and Pontiac, what would be termed "senior compacts." They would share the same body shell and lightweight engine. Oldsmobile designer Irving Rybicki began work on the Olds model in 1957. It finally went on sale in 1960 as a 1961 model.The Oldsmobile, dubbed F-85, shared a new A-body platform, using a 112-inch (2845 mm) wheelbase and still-novel unibody construction, with the Buick Special and Pontiac Tempest. It was Oldsmobile's smallest, cheapest model -- some two feet (60 cm) shorter and $451 cheaper than the next-smallest Olds. The F-85 had double wishbone front suspension and a four-link live axle in the rear, suspended with coil springs all around. Standard engine was the new small V8, all aluminum, displacing 215 cu. in. (3.5 L). With a two-barrel carburetor, it was rated 155 hp (115.6 kW) and 210 lb-ft (284 N-m). Transmission options were initially three-speed manual or the newly introduced three-speed Roto Hydramatic. The F-85 had drum brakes of 9.5 in (241 mm) diameter. Overall length was initially 188.2 in (4780 mm), and curb weight was around 2,800 lb (1,270 kg).
1961
The first-year F-85 was offered as a two-door sedan, a four-door sedan in base or Deluxe trim, or a four-door station wagon with either two or four seats, in base or Deluxe form. Initial sales were somewhat disappointing, but were soon picked up by the May introduction of the Cutlass sports coupe (a pillarless two-door hardtop), sporting unique trim, an interior with bucket seats and center console, and a four-barrel version of the V8 engine, rated at 185 hp (138 kW). This engine was optional on other F-85s, as was a four-speed manual transmission. 80,347 F-85s were built in total.Car Life magazine tested a F-85 with the standard engine and automatic transmission, and recorded a 0-60 (0-96 km/h) time of 14.5 seconds, with a top speed just over 100 mph (160 km/h). They praised its construction, but found its steering too slow and its suspension too soft for enthusiastic driving.
1962
The existing F-85 models returned, and a convertible was added to the line-up in September, available in both standard and Cutlass versions. Overall F-85 sales rose to 97,382, with the Cutlass displacing the four-door Deluxe sedan as the top-selling model.Bigger news was the arrival of the Jetfire model, a Cutlass hardtop with a turbocharged version of the 215 V8 rated at 215 hp (160.4 kW) and 301 lb-ft (407 N-m), bucket seats and console, unique trim, and a vacuum gauge mounted in the console (where it was almost invisible). Although much faster than a standard F-85, the Jetfire was criticized for having the same soft suspension as its less-powerful brothers, for its lack of a tachometer and other instruments, and for the poor shift quality of both the automatic transmission and the optional four-speed. Car and Driver tested an automatic Jetfire and obtained a 0-60 time of 9.2 seconds, with a top speed of 110 mph (176 km/h). The Jetfire's high cost (nearly $300 over a standard Cutlass coupe) and reliability problems with its turbocharged engines limited sales to 3,765.
1963
A modest restyle for the 1963 model year added four inches (101.6 mm) to the F-85's overall length, increasing it to 192.2 inches (4882 mm). Three-seat station wagons were dropped. The Jetfire and its turbocharged V8 returned, for what would be its final year. Overall sales climbed again to 121,639, of which 53,492 were Cutlasses.Second-Generation Intermediate
Disappointing sales of the compact F-85, along with the introduction of Ford Motor Company's intermediate Fairlane, prompted GM to enlarge the senior compacts for the 1964 model year.The new intermediate F-85 now rode a conventional body-on-frame chassis with a perimeter frame. Wheelbase grew to 115 inches (2921 mm), overall length to 203 in (5156 mm), and weight by more than 300 lb (135.7 kg). Both the aluminum V8 and the Roto Hydramatic were discontinued in favor of a new cast-iron small-block V8 of 330 cu. in. (5.4 L) displacement and an optional two-speed Jetaway automatic transmission with variable-pitch stator. Buick's V6 engine of 225 cu. in. (3.7 L) was the standard engine.
The body styles of the previous model returned, and a new Vista Cruiser, a stretched-wheelbase (120 in./3048 mm) version of the standard station wagon that featured a raised rear roof and tinted skylights, debuted on February 4, 1964. The 442 model, derived from the BO-9 police package, was also introduced in April 1964.
Sales increased to 167,002 for 1964, not counting Vista Cruisers.
For 1965 a modest facelift increased overall length to 204.3 in (5189 mm). A bigger 400 cu. in. (6.6 L) engine became optional, based on the newly introduced 425 cu. in. (6.9 L) engine from the full-sized Oldsmobiles. Sales increased again to 187,097.
The 1966 models were slightly restyled again. The Buick V6 was replaced on base models by an Oldsmobile-badged "Action-Line 6" version of Chevrolet's 250 in³ "Turbo-Thrift" straight-6 engine.
Major news for 1967 was the availability of optional disc brakes and the three-speed Turbo-Hydramatic to supplement the two-speed Jetaway. An unusual new model was the Turnpike Cruiser, which used a two-barrel carburetor and mild camshaft with the 400 cu. in. (6.6 L) engine and a low numerical axle ratio for efficient and relatively economical freeway cruising. The Turnpike Cruiser used the heavy-duty suspension of the 442, and was available only with Turbo Hydramatic.
Third Generation
1968
The F-85/Cutlass underwent a major body restyle in 1968, as did all other GM A-body cars. Oldsmobile's was penned by the styling studio headed by Stan Wilen. Two-door and four-door models now rode different wheelbases: 112 inches (2845 mm) for two-doors and 116 inches (2946 mm) for four-doors. Ostensibly, this change was to allow more individual styling, although several engineers were quoted off the record as saying the 115-inch wheelbase had created problems with uncomfortable "freeway hop" owing to its resonant frequency. Overall length shrunk about 2.6 inches (66 mm), but curb weight rose approximately 75 lb (34 kg). Two-door F-85 and Cutlass models adopted a semi-fastback roofline with a massive rear end.Base model remained the F-85, with mid-level Cutlass S, and upscale Cutlass Supreme, with a formal, notchback roofline, as well as the 442. A limited-production model was the Hurst/Olds, a special 442 marketed by Oldsmobile and George Hurst. The H/O combined the 442 suspension package with the big 455 cu. in. (7.4 L) V8, not ordinarily offered in Cutlasses because of a GM policy limiting intermediates to engines of 400 cu. in. (6.6 L) or less.
Engine options were similar to the previous year, although the Cutlass's V8 option was expanded to 350 cu. in. (5.7 L). The variable-pitch stator feature of both optional automatic transmissions was discontinued.
1970
The 1970 Cutlass came in two body styles: the notchback Cutlass Supreme and fastback Cutlass S. The base model on the platform remained the straight-6 F-85.
1972
For 1972, there were minor style changes to the Cutlass, and the 442 reverted back to being a trim line on the Cutlass instead of an individual model as it was in 1971.
The primary changes to the 1972 Cutlass were the front grilles and the tail lights.
The new 1972 Hurst/Olds used the Cutlass body. The straight-6 was gone.
Fourth Generation
1973
The F-85/Cutlass was redesigned for 1973 using GM's new "Colonnade" A platform. The model lineup consisted of the Cutlass "S", Cutlass Supreme, Cutlass Salon, Vista Cruiser station wagon, and the 442 appearance package on the Cutlass "S" colonnade coupe.The Cutlass Salon was added in 1973 as an upscale model, first as a 4-door, then 1974 brought the 2-door Salon with a sloping rear, like a hatchback without a hatch. Also, this was the first Oldsmobile with the 'international' flags emblem which was later carried into the Cutlass Ciera.
For 1975, Cutlasses used the Oldsmobile 260 V8 with a 5-speed manual transmission (T-50 - optioned in 1976 and 1977) or optional automatic transmission (TH-200 or TH-350).
Optional engines were the Olds 350 or Olds 455, but only with automatic transmissions. The Buick 231 in³ V6 was added for 1977. The Olds 403 replaced the 455 that same year, and a restyle was done.
In 1976 the Oldsmobile Cutlass was America's best selling car.
Fifth-Generation Downsizing
1978
The 1978 Cutlass moved to a new version of the A-body with a shorter wheelbase. A mild restyle came in 1981. This Cutlass was lighter than earlier versions at around 3300 lb (1500 kg). The A-body version offered enough engine compartment room for larger engine swaps quite easily. 455s from earlier years will fit with minimal modifications and if the car was originally a 260, the engine mounts will line up when swapping a 455. Some A-body Cutlasses were powered with a Chevrolet 305 (5.0 L) to which the popular 350 Chevrolet and big-block 454 Chevrolet also fit easily.The model lineup included the Cutlass Salon (with an aero-styled body) as the base Cutlass replacing the "S", the formal Cutlass Supreme and Calais coupes, and the Cutlass Cruiser station wagon (formerly the Vista Cruiser). With the Supreme and Calais coupes - a factory T-top coupe was optioned which includes a floor shifter and rally gauges (for the Calais coupe). A 442 decal package was part of the Cutlass Salon aerocoupe.
1979
The same model lineup continued, with a revision of both the front grille and taillight lenses. A diesel-powered Oldsmobile 260 (based on the Olds 350 diesel) was optional; diesel Cutlasses had the "Oldsmobile Diesel" badges on the decklids, where gasoline-powered Cutlasses had the "Rocket" logo.About 3,000 Cutlass Calais coupes were equipped with the Hurst/Olds W-30 package.
1980
Both the Cutlass Supreme and Calais coupes received new header panels incorporating four headlights, mimicking the 1977 model. Sales of the Cutlass Salon (the base Cutlass) were dismal to which the aero-styled sedan and coupe led to 1980 as the final year of the base Cutlass Salon (the nameplate would be revived again in 1985 when the Calais was moved to the GM N platform); a formal notchback 4-door sedan (the Cutlass and Cutlass LS sedan) was introduced to which sales picked up. Sister division Buick did the same with their Buick Century sedan (the 1978 to 1980 Centuries shared the bodyshell with the Cutlass Salon).
Sixth Generation: Cutlass Ciera and Cutlass Calais
1982
The smaller Cutlass Ciera was introduced on GM's new front-wheel drive A platform for 1982, while the Cutlass Supreme remained on the (now renamed) rear-wheel drive G platform for six more years. Oldsmobile produced one last rear-wheel drive Cutlass for 1988, Cutlass Supreme Classic, alongside the new front-wheel drive Cutlass Supreme. There was also a model named Cutlass Salon, which featured a more luxurious interior.Another new Cutlass vehicle, the N-body Cutlass Calais, was introduced in 1985, bringing the number of Cutlass models to three.
Each Cutlass model has a separate information page:
- 1982-1990 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera - mid-size sedan, 104.5 in wheelbase
- 1985-1991 Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais - compact car, 103.4 in wheelbase
- 1988-1997 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme - large sedan and coupé, 107.5 in wheelbase
- 1991-1995 Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera - mid-size sedan, 104.9 in wheelbase
- 1996 Oldsmobile Ciera - mid-size sedan, 104.9 in wheelbase
1997
The simple Oldsmobile Cutlass name was revived in 1997 for a version of the new Chevrolet Malibu, replacing the Cutlass Ciera, and was exclusively sold in the United States. Exclusively built at the Oklahoma City Assembly plant, this model used the 107 in wheelbase GM N platform and being siblings to Pontiac Grand Am, Buick Skylark, and Oldsmobile Achieva. This model was a bridge between Oldsmobile's Achieva and Alero models, making this a placeholder model. It was also later regarded as a stop-gap measure to give Oldsmobile a model to sell below the larger Intrigue until the new Alero (also on the N platform) arrived in 1999. Panned by many as the 'Cutlibu,' it did differ in its Oldsmobile split-grille fascia, full-width rear taillamps, and unique optional chrome wheels. Production of the N-body Cutlass ended July 2, 1999, marking it as the last car to bear the Cutlass name. It was replaced by the Alero.
Engine:
- 1997-1999 3100 (191 in³) V6, 160 hp and 185 ft·lbf
External links
|
Oldsmobile | ([http://encycl.opentopia.com/ edit]) | |
| Historic: | ||
| Cars: | 40 | 53 | 66 | 88 | 98 | 442 | Achieva | Alero | Aurora | Curved Dash | Custom Cruiser | Cutlass | Cutlass Calais | Cutlass Ciera | Cutlass Cruiser | Cutlass Supreme | F-85 | Firenza | Intrigue | Limited Touring | Omega | Series 60 | Series 70 | Oldsmobile Series 90 | Starfire | Toronado | Vista Cruiser | |
| SUVs/Minivans: | Bravada | Silhouette | |
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