Operation Archery
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| Nazi occupation of Norway |
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| Drøbak Sound –Midtskogen –Narvik–Namsos–Operation Archery–Norwegian heavy water sabotage –Telavåg–Åndalsnes |
Operation Archery was a British Combined Operations raid during World War II against German positions on Vaagso(Vågsøy), Norway on December 27 1941.
The raid was conducted by British Commandos of No.3 Commando, two troops (platoons) of No.2 Commando, a medical detachment of No.4 Commando, a demolition party from 101 Troop (canoe) of No.6 Commando and a dozen Norwegians from Norwegian Independent Company 1. The action was supported by Royal Navy gunfire, led by the cruiser HMS Kenya, and Royal Air Force bombers and fighter-bombers.
Objectives
The Commando force of 570 troops was divided into five with these objectives.
- (1) Secure the area north of the town of South Vaagso (Måløy) and engage any enemy reinforcements;
- (2) subdue and secure South Vaagso town;
- (3) eliminate the enemy on Maaloy Island (Moldøen) which dominated the town;
- (4) eliminate the enemy strongpoint at Hollevik (Holvik) south of South Vaagso;
- (5) provide a floating reserve offshore.
The Raid
The dawn landing was preceded by a very effective naval bombardment and objectives went to plan except in the town of South Vaagso itself. Opposition there was much stiffer than expected as unknown to the British, a gebirgsjäger (mountain troops) unit of experienced troops from the Eastern Front was there on leave.
Their experience in sniping and street fighting caused Vaagso to develop into a bitter house-to-house battle. This caused the commander, John Durnford-Slater, to call in the floating reserve and troops from Maaloy Island. A number of local citizens assisted the Commandos by acting as porters for ammunition, grenades and other explosives, and in carrying away the wounded.
At around 14:00 the Commandos started their withdrawal having destroyed four factories, the fish-oil stores, ammunition and fuel stores, the telephone exchange and various military installations. Much of the town was in flames. The Naval assault force of one cruiser and four destroyers had meanwhile sunk 10 vessels, some found in the act of being scuttled to prevent capture.
Outcome
No Royal Navy ships were lost, but the Navy suffered four men killed and four wounded. The Commandos sustained 17 killed and 53 wounded, the commander of the Norwegians, Capt. Linge, was killed, and the RAF had 8 planes downed. The Commandos accounted for at least 120 enemy killed and returned with 98 prisoners and a complete copy of the German Naval Code. Several Quislings and a number of loyal Norwegians were also brought back.
In conjunction with this raid, Operation Anklet was mounted by No.12 Commando on the Lofoten Islands as a diversion.
The raid was enough to persuade Adolf Hitler to divert 30,000 troops to Norway, upgrade coastal and inland defences, and send the battleship Tirpitz, the battlecruisers (or light battleships) Gneisenau and Scharnhorst, the pocket battleship Lützow, and the heavy cruisers Admiral Hipper and Prinz Eugen to Norway - a major diversion of effort and forces that could have had significant impact elsewhere. Hitler thought that the British might invade northern Norway to put pressure on Sweden and Finland.
See also
External links
- London Gazette [link]
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