Ophidiidae

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The Ophidiidae, including the cusk eels, are a group of marine fishes in the order Ophidiiformes. The name is from Greek ophis meaning "snake", and refers to their eel-like appearance. However, they can be distinguished from true eels by their ventral fins, which are developed into a forked barbel-like organ below the mouth.["Ophidiidae"]. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. February 2006 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2006.

They are found in temperate and tropical oceans throughout the world. The largest species, Lamprogrammus shcherbachevi, grows up to two metres in length, but most species are shorter than a metre.

A few species are fished commercially, most notably the pink cusk-eel, Genypterus blacodes.

Species

There are 238 species in 49 genera:

Subfamily Brotulinae
* Genus Brotula
** Bearded brotula, Brotula barbata (Linnaeus, 1758).
** Pacific bearded brotula, Brotula clarkae Hubbs, 1944.
** Goatsbeard brotula, Brotula multibarbata Temminck & Schlegel, 1846.
** Ordway's brotula, Brotula ordwayi Hildebrand & Barton, 1949.
** Townsend's cusk eel, Brotula townsendi Fowler, 1900.
Subfamily Brotulotaeniinae
* Genus Brotulotaenia
** Brotulotaenia brevicauda Cohen, 1974.
** Violet cuskeel, Brotulotaenia crassa Parr, 1934.
** Brotulotaenia nielseni (Cohen, 1974).
** Brotulotaenia nigra Parr, 1933.
Subfamily Neobythitinae
* Genus Abyssobrotula
** Abyssobrotula galatheae Nielsen, 1977.
* Genus Acanthonus
** Bony-eared assfish, Acanthonus armatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).
* Genus Alcockia
** Alcockia rostrata (Günther, 1887).
* Genus Apagesoma
** Apagesoma delosommatus (Hureau, Staiger & Nielsen, 1979).
** Apagesoma edentatum Carter, 1983.
* Genus Barathrites
** Barathrites iris Zugmayer, 1911.
** Barathrites parri Nybelin, 1957.
* Genus Barathrodemus
** Barathrodemus manatinus Goode & Bean, 1883.

** Barathrodemus nasutus Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
* Genus Bassogigas
** Bassogigas gillii Goode & Bean, 1896.

* Genus Bassozetus
** Abyssal assfish, Bassozetus compressus (Günther, 1878).
** Bassozetus elongatus Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
** Bassozetus galatheae (Nielsen, 1977).
** Bassozetus glutinosus (Alcock, 1890).
** Bassozetus levistomatus Machida, 1989.
** Bassozetus multispinis Shcherbachev, 1980.
** Bassozetus nasus Garman, 1899.
** Bassozetus normalis Gill, 1883.

** Bassozetus oncerocephalus (Vaillant, 1888).
** Bassozetus robustus Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
** Bassozetus taenia (Günther, 1887).
** Bassozetus werneri Nielsen & Merrett, 2000.
** Bassozetus zenkevitchi Rass, 1955.
* Genus Bathyonus
** Bathyonus caudalis (Garman, 1899).
** Bathyonus laticeps (Günther, 1878).

** Bathyonus pectoralis Goode & Bean, 1885.

* Genus Benthocometes
** Benthocometes robustus (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913).

* Genus Dannevigia
** Australian tusk, Dannevigia tusca Whitley, 1941.
* Genus Dicrolene
** Dicrolene filamentosa Garman, 1899.
** Dicrolene gregoryi Trotter, 1926.
** Dicrolene hubrechti Weber, 1913.
** Digitate cusk eel, Dicrolene introniger Goode & Bean, 1883.

** Dicrolene kanazawai Grey, 1958.
** Dicrolene longimana Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
** Dicrolene mesogramma Shcherbachev, 1980.
** Slender brotula, Dicrolene multifilis (Alcock, 1889).
** Dicrolene nigra (Parr, 1933).
** Dicrolene nigricaudis (Alcock, 1891).
** Dicrolene pallidus Hureau & Nielsen, 1981.
** Dicrolene pullata Garman, 1899.
** Dicrolene quinquarius (Günther, 1887).
** Dicrolene tristis Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
** Dicrolene vaillanti (Alcock, 1890).
* Genus Enchelybrotula
** Enchelybrotula gomoni Cohen, 1982.
** Enchelybrotula paucidens Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
* Genus Epetriodus
** Epetriodus freddyi Cohen & Nielsen, 1978.
* Genus Eretmichthys
** Eretmichthys pinnatus Garman, 1899.
* Genus Glyptophidium
** Glyptophidium argenteum Alcock, 1889.
** Glyptophidium effulgens Nielsen & Machida, 1988.
** Glyptophidium japonicum (Steindachner & Döderlein, 1887).
** Bigeye brotula, Glyptophidium longipes Norman, 1939.
** Glyptophidium lucidum Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
** Glyptophidium macropus Alcock, 1894.
** Glyptophidium oceanium Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
* Genus Holcomycteronus
** Holcomycteronus aequatoris (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913).
** Holcomycteronus brucei (Dollo, 1906).
** Holcomycteronus digittatus Garman, 1899.
** Holcomycteronus profundissimus (Roule, 1913).
** Holcomycteronus pterotus (Alcock, 1890).
** Holcomycteronus squamosus (Roule, 1916).
* Genus Homostolus
** Homostolus acer Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
* Genus Hoplobrotula
** Hoplobrotula armata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).
** Hoplobrotula badia Machida, 1990.
** False kinglip, Hoplobrotula gnathopus (Regan, 1921).
* Genus Hypopleuron
** Hypopleuron caninum Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
* Genus Lamprogrammus
** Lamprogrammus brunswigi (Brauer, 1906).
** Legless cuskeel, Lamprogrammus exutus Nybelin & Poll, 1958.
** Lamprogrammus fragilis Alcock, 1892.
** Lamprogrammus niger Alcock, 1891.

** Lamprogrammus shcherbachevi Cohen & Rohr, 1993.
* Genus Leptobrotula
** Leptobrotula breviventralis Nielsen, 1986.
* Genus Leucicorus
** Leucicorus atlanticus Nielsen, 1975.
** Leucicorus lusciosus Garman, 1899.
* Genus Luciobrotula
** Luciobrotula bartschi Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
** Luciobrotula corethromycter Cohen, 1964.
** Luciobrotula lineata (Gosline, 1954).
** Luciobrotula nolfi Cohen, 1981.
* Genus Mastigopterus
** Mastigopterus imperator Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
* Genus Monomitopus
** Monomitopus agassizii (Goode & Bean, 1896).

** Monomitopus americanus (Nielsen, 1971).
** Monomitopus conjugator (Alcock, 1896).
** Monomitopus garmani (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913).
** Monomitopus kumae Jordan & Hubbs, 1925.
** Monomitopus longiceps Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
** Monomitopus magnus Carter & Cohen, 1985.
** Monomitopus malispinosus (Garman, 1899).
** Monomitopus metriostoma (Vaillant, 1888).
** Monomitopus microlepis (Matsubara, 1943).
** Monomitopus nigripinnis (Alcock, 1889).
** Monomitopus pallidus (Hureau & Nielsen, 1981).
** Monomitopus torvus Garman, 1899.
** Monomitopus vitiazi (Nielsen, 1971).
* Genus Neobythites
** Neobythites alcocki Nielsen, 2002.
** Black-edged cuskeel, Neobythites analis Barnard, 1927.
** Neobythites andamanensis Nielsen, 2002.
** Neobythites australiensis Nielsen, 2002.
** Neobythites bimaculatus Nielsen, 1997.
** Neobythites bimarginatus Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979.
** Neobythites braziliensis Nielsen, 1999.
** Neobythites crosnieri Nielsen, 1995.
** Neobythites elongatus (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913).
** Neobythites fasciatus Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
** Neobythites fijiensis Nielsen, 2002.
** Neobythites franzi Nielsen, 2002.
** Twospot brotula, Neobythites gilli (Goode & Bean, 1896).

** Neobythites javaensis Nielsen, 2002.
** Neobythites kenyaensis Nielsen, 1995.
** Neobythites longipes (Norman, 1939).
** Neobythites longispinis Nielsen, 2002.
** Neobythites longiventralis Nielsen, 1997.
** Neobythites macrocelli Nielsen, 2002.
** Neobythites macrops Günther, 1887.
** Neobythites malayanus Weber, 1913.
** Neobythites malhaensis Nielsen, 1995.
** Stripefin brotula, Neobythites marginatus (DeKay, 1842).

** Neobythites marianaensis Nielsen, 2002.
** Neobythites marquesaensis Nielsen, 2002.
** Neobythites meteori Nielsen, 1995.
** Neobythites monocellatus Nielsen, 1999.
** Neobythites multidigitatus Nielsen, 1999.
** Neobythites multistriatus Nielsen & Quéro, 1991.
** Neobythites musorstomi Nielsen, 2002.
** Neobythites natalensis Nielsen, 1995.
** Neobythites neocaledoniensis Nielsen, 1997.
** Neobythites nigriventris Nielsen, 2002.
** Neobythites ocellatus (Garman, 1899).
** Neobythites pallidus (Hureau & Nielsen, 1981).
** Neobythites purus Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
** Neobythites sereti Nielsen, 2002.
** Neobythites sinensis Nielsen, 2002.
** Neobythites sivicola (Jordan & Snyder, 1901).
** Neobythites soelae Nielsen, 2002.
** Neobythites somaliaensis Nielsen, 1995.
** Neobythites steatiticus Alcock, 1894.
** Neobythites stefanovi Nielsen & Uiblein, 1993.
** Thread brotula, Neobythites stelliferoides Gilbert, 1890.
** Neobythites stigmosus Machida, 1984.
** Neobythites trifilis Kotthaus, 1979.
** Neobythites unicolor Nielsen & Retzer, 1994.
** Neobythites unimaculatus Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
** Neobythites vityazi Nielsen, 1995.
** Neobythites zonatus Nielsen, 1997.
* Genus Neobythitoides
** Neobythitoides serratus Nielsen & Machida, 2006.
* Genus Penopus
** Penopus microphthalmus (Vaillant, 1888).

* Genus Petrotyx
** Velvetnose brotula, Petrotyx hopkinsi Heller & Snodgrass, 1903.
** Redfin brotula, Petrotyx sanguineus (Meek & Hildebrand, 1928).
* Genus Porogadus
** Porogadus abyssalis Nybelin, 1957.
** Porogadus atripectus Garman, 1899.
** Porogadus catena (Goode & Bean, 1885).

** Cavernous assfish, Porogadus gracilis (Günther, 1878).
** Porogadus guentheri Jordan & Fowler, 1902.
** Porogadus longiceps (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913).
** Porogadus melampeplus (Alcock, 1896).
** Porogadus melanocephalus (Alcock, 1891).
** Slender cuskeel, Porogadus miles Goode & Bean, 1885.

** Porogadus nudus Vaillant, 1888.
** Porogadus silus Carter & Sulak, 1984.
** Porogadus subarmatus Vaillant, 1888.
** Porogadus trichiurus (Alcock, 1890).
* Genus Pycnocraspedum
** Pycnocraspedum armatum (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).
** Pycnocraspedum fulvum (Hildebrand & Barton, 1949).
** Pycnocraspedum microlepis (Matsubara, 1943).
** Pycnocraspedum phyllosoma (Parr, 1933).
** Pycnocraspedum squamipinne Alcock, 1889.
* Genus Selachophidium
** Gunther's cuskeel, Selachophidium guentheri (Jordan & Fowler, 1902).
* Genus Sirembo
** Sirembo imberbis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).
** Brown-banded cusk-eel, Sirembo jerdoni (Day, 1888).
** Sirembo marmoratum (Goode & Bean, 1885).

** Sirembo metachroma Cohen & Robins, 1986.
* Genus Spectrunculus
** Pudgy cuskeel, Spectrunculus grandis (Günther, 1877).
* Genus Spottobrotula
** Spottobrotula amaculata Cohen & Nielsen, 1982.
** Spottobrotula mahodadi Cohen & Nielsen, 1978.
* Genus Tauredophidium
** Tauredophidium hextii Alcock, 1890.

* Genus Typhlonus
** Typhlonus nasus (Garman, 1899).
* Genus Ventichthys
** Ventichthys biospeedoi Nielsen, Møller & Segonzac, 2006.
* Genus Xyelacyba
** Xyelacyba myersi Cohen, 1961.
Subfamily Ophidiinae
* Genus Cherublemma
** Black brotula, Cherublemma emmelas (Gilbert, 1890).
* Genus Chilara
** Spotted cusk-eel, Chilara taylori (Girard, 1858).
* Genus Genypterus
** Pink cusk-eel, Genypterus blacodes (Forster, 1801).
** Genypterus brasiliensis Regan, 1903.
** Kingklip, Genypterus capensis (Smith, 1847).
** Red cusk-eel, Genypterus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848).
** Black cusk-eel, Genypterus maculatus (Kaup, 1858).
** Rock ling, Genypterus tigerinus Klunzinger, 1872.
* Genus Lepophidium
** Dusky cusk-eel, Lepophidium aporrhox Robins, 1961.
** Shortbeard cusk-eel, Lepophidium brevibarbe (Cuvier, 1829).
** Mottled cusk-eel, Lepophidium jeannae Fowler, 1941.
** Lepophidium kallion Robins, 1959.
** Silver cusk eel, Lepophidium microlepis (Matsubara, 1943).
** Specklefin cusk eel, Lepophidium negropinna Hildebrand & Barton, 1949.
** Leopard cusk eel, Lepophidium pardale (Gilbert, 1890).
** Blackedge cusk-eel, Lepophidium pheromystax Robins, 1960.
** Blackrim cusk-eel, Lepophidium profundorum (Gill, 1863).

** Prowspine cusk eel, Lepophidium prorates (Jordan & Bollman, 1890).
** Barred cusk-eel, Lepophidium staurophor Robins, 1958.
** Blotchfin cusk eel, Lepophidium stigmatistium (Gilbert, 1890).
* Genus Ophidion
** Longnose cusk-eel, Ophidion antipholus Lea & Robins, 2003.
** Ophidion asiro (Jordan & Fowler, 1902).
** Snake blenny, Ophidion barbatum Linnaeus, 1758.
** Ophidion beani Jordan & Gilbert, 1883.
** Shorthead cusk-eel, Ophidion dromio Lea & Robins, 2003.
** Ophidion exul Robins, 1991.
** Earspot cusk eel, Ophidion fulvum (Hildebrand & Barton, 1949).
** Striped cusk eel, Ophidion galeoides (Gilbert, 1890).
** Ophidion genyopus (Ogilby, 1897).
** Blotched cusk-eel, Ophidion grayi (Fowler, 1948).
** Band cusk-eel, Ophidion holbrookii (Putnam, 1874).
** Mimic cusk-eel, Ophidion imitator Lea, 1997.
** Rainbow cusk eel, Ophidion iris (Zugmayer, 1911).
** Ophidion josephi Girard, 1858.
** Harelip cusk, Ophidion lagochila (Böhlke & Robins, 1959).
** Ophidion lozanoi Matallanas, 1990.
** Striped cusk-eel, Ophidion marginatum (DeKay, 1842).
** Ophidion metoecus Robins, 1991.
** Ophidion muraenolepis (Günther, 1880).
** Letter opener, Ophidion nocomis Robins & Böhlke, 1959.
** Colonial cusk-eel, Ophidion robinsi Fahay, 1992.
** Ophidion rochei Müller, 1845.
** Ophidion saldanhai Matallanas & Brito, 1999.
** Basketweave cusk-eel, Ophidion scrippsae (Hubbs, 1916).
** Mooneye cusk-eel, Ophidion selenops Robins & Böhlke, 1959.
** Ophidion smithi (Fowler, 1934).
** Crested cusk-eel, Ophidion welshi (Nichols & Breder, 1922).
* Genus Otophidium
** Ghost cusk-eel, Otophidium chickcharney Böhlke & Robins, 1959.
** Sleeper cusk-eel, Otophidium dormitator Böhlke & Robins, 1959.
** Bighead cusk eel, Otophidium indefatigabile Jordan & Bollman, 1890.
** Polka-dot cusk-eel, Otophidium omostigma (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882).

* Genus Parophidion
** Dusky cusk-eel, Parophidion schmidti (Woods & Kanazawa, 1951).
** Parophidion vassali (Risso, 1810).
* Genus Raneya
** Raneya brasiliensis (Regan, 1903).

References

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