Orders of magnitude (mass)
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| Orders of magnitude |
|---|
| area |
| angular velocity |
| currency |
| data |
| density |
| energy |
| frequency |
| length |
| mass |
| numbers |
| power |
| pressure |
| specific heat capacity |
| speed |
| temperature |
| time |
| volume |
| Conversion of units |
| physical unit |
| SI |
| SI base unit |
| SI derived unit |
| SI prefix |
| Planck units |
To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following list describes various mass levels between 3.6×10−36 kg and 3×1052 kg.
| Factor (kg) | Value | Item |
|---|---|---|
| 10−36 | Electron neutrino, upper limit on mass (2 eV/c²) | |
| 10−35 | ||
| 10−34 | ||
| 10−33 | ||
| 10−32 | ||
| 10−31 | Electron (511 keV/c²), the lightest elementary particle with a measured nonzero rest mass. | |
| 10−30 | ||
| 10−29 | ||
| 10−28 | Muon (106 MeV/c²) | |
| 10−27 yoctogram (yg) | Atomic mass unit (amu) or dalton (Da) | |
| Proton (938.3 MeV/c²) | ||
| Hydrogen atom, the lightest atom | ||
| Neutron (939.6 MeV/c²) | ||
| 10−26 | Lithium atom (6.941 amu) | |
| Water molecule (18.015 amu) | ||
| Titanium atom (47.867 amu) | ||
| 10−25 | Silver atom (107.8682 amu) | |
| Z boson (91.2 GeV/c²) | ||
| Top quark (173 GeV/c²), the heaviest known elementary particle | ||
| Caffeine molecule (194 amu) | ||
| Lead-208 atom, the heaviest stable isotope known | ||
| 10−24 zeptogram (zg) | ||
| 10−23 | ||
| 10−22 | Haemoglobin A molecule | |
| 10−21 attogram (ag) | ||
| 10−20 | 10−20 kg | A small virus |
| 10−19 | ||
| 10−18 femtogram (fg) | ||
| 10−17 | Mass equivalent of one joule | |
| Mass equivalent of a calorie | ||
| 10−16 | Escherichia coli bacterium | |
| 10−15 picogram (pg) | ||
| 10−14 | ||
| 10−13 | ||
| 10−12 nanogram (ng) | 10−12 kg | Average cell of the human body (1 nanogram) |
| 10−11 | Lethal dose of botulin toxin (the deadliest substance known) -about 200 pg/kg of body mass, so a 15 ng dose would kill almost anybody. | |
| 10−10 | ||
| 10−9 microgram (µg) | Uncertainty in the mass of the prototype kilogram (2 micrograms) | |
| Small grain of sand (0.063 mm diameter, 3 micrograms) | ||
| 10−8 | Planck mass | |
| 10−7 | 10−7 kg | "Hit" of LSD (100 micrograms) |
| Lethal dose of ricin (200 micrograms) | ||
| 10−6 milligram (mg) | Typical mass of a mosquito (1–2 milligrams) | |
| 10−5 | Dose of DXM per labeling on most products (10-30 milligrams) | |
| Large grain of sand (2 mm diameter, 90 milligrams) | ||
| 10−4 | Typical amount of caffeine in one cup of coffee (150 milligrams) | |
| Metric carat (200 milligrams) | ||
| Maximum legal caffeine pill in United States (0.1–0.2 grams) | ||
| Hallucinogenic dose for mescaline (0.3 grams) | ||
| 10−3 gram (g) | 10−3 kg | One millilitre of water (1 gram) |
| Typical coins: euro (7.5 grams) and U.S. dollar (8.1 grams) | ||
| 10−2 decagram (dag) | Lethal dose of caffeine for an adult (10 grams) | |
| Adult mouse (Mus musculus, 12–40 grams) | ||
| Amount of ethanol in one drink (24 grams) | ||
| Ounce (avoirdupois) (28.35 grams) | ||
| 10−1 hectogram (Hg) | 0.15 kg | Human kidney (150 grams) |
| 0.454 kg | Pound (avoirdupois) (454 grams) | |
| Factor (kg) | Value | Item |
|---|---|---|
| 1 kg kilogram (kg) | 1 kg | One litre of water, approx. |
| 3 kg | Newborn human baby | |
| 4.0 kg | Women's shotput | |
| 5–7 kg | Housecat | |
| 7.3 kg | Men's shotput | |
| 101 | 10–30 kg | A CRT computer monitor or television set |
| 15–20 kg | Medium-sized dog | |
| 70 kg | Adult human; large dog | |
| 102 | 100 kg | Quintal (mainly U.S. - other countries have different definitions) |
| 180–250 kg | Mature lion, female (180 kg) and male (250 kg) | |
| 700 kg | Dairy cow | |
| 907 kg | Short ton (U.S.) | |
| 103 megagram (Mg) | 1000 kg | Metric ton/tonne; one cubic metre of water |
| 1016 kg | Ton (British) / 1 long ton (U.S.) | |
| 800–1600 kg | Typical passenger automobiles | |
| 3000–7000 kg | Adult elephant | |
| 104 | Hubble Space Telescope (11 tonnes) | |
| Largest elephant on record (12 tonnes) | ||
| Bell of Big Ben (14 tonnes) | ||
| Largest Meteorite, Hoba West Meteorite (60 tonnes) | ||
| Largest known dinosaur, the Argentinosaurus (80–100 tonnes) | ||
| 105 | 105 kg | Largest animal, the blue whale (100 tonnes) |
| International Space Station (187 tonnes) | ||
| Antonov An-225 (the world's heaviest aircraft) maximum take-off mass (600 tonnes); payload: 250 tonnes | ||
| 106 gigagram (Gg) | Individual gate of the Thames Barrier | |
| Launch mass of the Space Shuttle (2041 tonnes) | ||
| 107 | Annual production of Darjeeling tea (11,000 tonnes) | |
| RMS Titanic (26,000 tonnes) | ||
| Heaviest train ever (99,700 tonnes): Australia's BHP Iron Ore, 2001 record | ||
| 108 | Largest ship, Knock Nevis, when fully loaded (650,000 tonnes) | |
| 109 teragram (Tg) | Amount of matter converted into energy by the Sun each second | |
| Great Pyramid of Giza | ||
| 1010 | Amount of concrete in the Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest concrete structure | |
| 1011 | Amount of water stored in London storage reservoirs (0.2 km³) | |
| Total mass of the human world population | ||
| Total biomass of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, thought to be the most plentiful creature on the planet | ||
| 1012 petagram (Pg) | World oil production in 2001 | |
| 1013 | ||
| 1014 | Amount of rock that exploded in the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption in 1815 | |
| 1015 exagram (Eg) | Estimated total world coal reserves economically accessible using current mining technology | |
| 1016 | 951 Gaspra, the first asteroid ever to be closely approached by a spacecraft | |
| 1017 | Prometheus (moon), a shepherd satellite for the inner edge of Saturn's F Ring. | |
| 1018 zettagram (Zg) | Earth's atmosphere | |
| Hyperion, a moon of Saturn | ||
| 1019 | 3 Juno, the fifth largest asteroid in the main Asteroid Belt | |
| 1020 | Ceres, the largest asteroid in the main Asteroid Belt | |
| 1021 yottagram (Yg) | Earth's oceans | |
| Charon, the moon of Pluto | ||
| Total mass of the Asteroid Belt | ||
| 1022 | Pluto | |
| Earth's Moon | ||
| 1023 | Titan, largest moon of Saturn | |
| Triton, largest moon of Neptune | ||
| Ganymede, largest moon of Jupiter | ||
| Mercury | ||
| Mars | ||
| 1024 | Venus | |
| The Earth | ||
| 1025 | Lowest estimate of the mass of the Oort cloud | |
| Uranus | ||
| 1026 | Neptune | |
| Saturn | ||
| Highest estimate of the mass of the Oort cloud | ||
| 1027 | Jupiter | |
| 1028 | Brown dwarf stars | |
| 1029 | ||
| 1030 | Sun; one solar mass | |
| Chandrasekhar limit (1.44 solar masses) | ||
| 1031 | Betelgeuse, a red supergiant star | |
| 1032 | ||
| 1033 | ||
| 1034 | ||
| 1035 | ||
| 1036 | The supermassive black hole at the center of our Galaxy, associated with the radio source Sagittarius A* | |
| 1037 | ||
| 1038 | Typical mass of a globular cluster | |
| 1039 | ||
| 1040 | ||
| 1041 | Visible mass of the Milky Way galaxy | |
| 1042 | Total mass of the Milky Way galaxy | |
| 1043 | ||
| 1044 | ||
| 1045 | ||
| 1046 | Virgo Supercluster | |
| 1047 | ||
| 1048 | ||
| 1049 | ||
| 1050 | ||
| 1051 | ||
| 1052 | Mass of a critical density Universe | |
| Mass of the observable universe | ||
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