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Oslo Airport, Gardermoen

Encyclopedia : O : OS : OSL : Oslo Airport, Gardermoen

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! colspan="4" style="text-align: center; background-color: #4682B4; color: white;" |Oslo Airport, Gardermoen 
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!colspan="4" style="text-align: center; background-color: #4682B4; color: white;" |Runways |- !bgcolor="lightgrey" rowspan="2"|Direction !bgcolor="lightgrey" colspan="2"|Length !bgcolor="lightgrey" rowspan="2"|Surface |- !bgcolor="lightgrey"|ft !bgcolor="lightgrey"|m 
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!align="left" valign="top"|01L/19R |valign="top" align="right"|11,811 |valign="top" align="right"|3,600 |valign="top"|Asphalt |- !align="left" valign="top"|01R/19L |valign="top" align="right"|9,678 |valign="top" align="right"|2,950 |valign="top"|Asphalt

Oslo Airport, Gardermoen is located in Gardermoen in Ullensaker, Norway, 48 km north of Oslo. Opened in 1998, it is the main international airport serving Norway with two runways. It is a hub of SAS Braathens and Norwegian Air Shuttle.

Approximately 16 million passengers travelled through Oslo Airport in 2005, which is an increase of 1 million since 2004. The airport has two parallel runways of 2950 m and 3600 m, 34 passenger bridges and 5 commuter stands, 64 check-in counters and 71 aircraft stands. A third runway may be necessary in the future. There are plans for increasing the terminal area adding a new terminal B to OSL.

The airport functions as a national hub, with a total of 23 domestic destinations, with 16 being served with jet aircraft. Six are served on public service obligation contract with the norwegian government using regional aircraft.

Gardermoen has the largest duty free shop in Europe. This due to the fact that Norway is not an EU member, and still may sell goods duty free. You may also buy duty free goods as an arriving passenger.

Sandefjord Airport, Torp also serves Oslo, primarily by low-cost carriers.

Contents

History

Military and secondary

The 91 meter tall control tower
Enlarge
The 91 meter tall control tower

The Norwegian Army started using Gardermoen as a camp already in 1740, when it was called Fredericksfeldt. The first place flight took place in 1912, and by 1920 there were multiple hangars at the airport.

During the German invasion of Norway during World War II the German bombed the airport, but built it up with two 2000-meter runways during the war.

After the war Gardermoen was used both for charter and intercontinental flights. Charter flights were operated from 1972 at Gardermoen instead of Fornebu because of lack of slots at Fornebu, while intercontinental flights had to be operated from Gardermoen because the runway at Fornebu was too short. It was only in the 1990s that SAS' flight to New York was moved to Fornebu.

Finding a new airport

After Gressholmen (sea) and Kjeller Airport (land) had been serving Oslos as airports, the new airport at Oslo Airport, Fornebu opened in 1939. But in the 1980s the airport was getting severe capacity problems. The airport had only one runway, resulting in there being no available slots at the airport during morning and afternoon rush. This made it impossible for the new deregulated airline marked to work, since potential new airlines would not have access to enough slots at Fornebu. A new runway could not be constructed because of space problems. The old airport also suffered from lack of adequate public transport, with no metro or railway line to the airport. The airport was located quite close to the city centre and beside a residential area, causing great sound pollution problems.

There were many candidates for the new main airport for Oslo, notably Hobøl, Hurum, Kroer, Ås and Gardermoen. Though the political process around the airport location started in the 1950s, the first real decision came in 1988 when parliament decided to build an airport at Hurum. But meterological surveys showed that there would be too much fog at Hurum, and the process was cancelled. On October 8 1992 parliament made a final decision to build an airport at Gardermoen.

OSL Gardermoen

A new operating company, Oslo Lufthavn AS took over the operating of Gardermoen and Fornebu. The decision in parliament meant that the new airport had to be build self-financing, and so a seperate limited company had too be created to finance the new airport. The airports total contruction costs of 11,4 billion NOK was all borrowed by the company, and the profitt from the operation of the airport is used to pay the debt. The company also operated Fornebu from January 1 1997. Oslo Lufthavn AS is a wholly-owned subsiduary of Avinor AS, the norwegian civil airport administration.

In conjunction with the new airport there was build a new high-speed railway to airport, Gardermobanen, with departures to Oslo Central Station every hour. It was the first high-speed railway build in Norway, and is now operated by Flytoget.

Gardermoen took over as the main Oslo airport on 8 October 1998, when Fornebu Airport was closed. The transfer happened overnight, and was a major operation. The new airport has a capacity of 17 million passengers per year, and 80 air movements per hour.

After the opening of Gardermoen, the access of slots at the airport and the arrival of a new low-cost carrier Color Air resulted in a major price war among the airlines, ending in 1999 when Color Air went bankrupt. During this period there were almost 50 daily flights between Gardermoen and each of Bergen, Stavanger and Trondheim.

In 2002 Norwegian Air Shuttle, started its operations, using Gardermoen as its hub. The airline serves 46 international and 8 domestic destinations.

The minister of Transport and Communications, Liv Signe Navarsete, opened on January 18 2006 Europe's first infrared deicing hangar at Oslo Airport. The hangar will be a supplement to standard deicing for the rest of the winter season.

Airlines and Destinations

Domestic Scheduled

International Scheduled

Braathens and SAS aircraft in both old and new liveries at Gardermoen
Enlarge
Braathens and SAS aircraft in both old and new liveries at Gardermoen

Charter

Cargo

The following cargo airlines fly to Oslo Airport: Pegasus Airlines provides helicopter service.

Accessibility

External links

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