Padri War
Encyclopedia : P : PA : PAD : Padri War
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In the 1820s, the Dutch were yet to consolidate their possessions in some parts of the Dutch East Indies (later Indonesia) after re-acquiring it from the British. During their absence a conflict had broken out in West Sumatra between the so called adat and padri factions. Although both Minangkabaus and Muslims, they differed in values: the Adats were Minangkabau traditionalists while the Padris were Islamist-reformists. The Padri movement had formed during the early 19th century and sought to reform traditions and beliefs they viewed as being un-Islamic, including syncretic folk beliefs, cockfighting, gambling, drinking, and Minangkabau matrilineal traditions.
After most of the Minangkabau royal family was murdered in 1815, the Adats sought assistance from the Dutch upon their return to Sumatra in 1819. Between 1821-1824, skirmishes broke out throughout the region, ended only by the Masang Treaty. The war cooled down during the next six years, as the Dutch faced bigger-scale uprisings in Java (The Java War).
The conflict broke out again in the 1830s with the Dutch gaining early victories. Soon after, the war centered on Bonjol, the fortified last stronghold of the Padris. It finally fell in 1837 after being besieged for three years, and along with the exile of Padri leader Tuanku Imam Bonjol, the conflict died out.
With the victory, the Dutch tightened their hold on West Sumatra. Yet there was a positive legacy for the native Minangs: after the war, the tribal and religious leaders increasingly reconciled their visions. This helped promulgating the new view of "adat basandi syara', syara' basandi Kitabullah" (tradition founded upon Islamic law, Islamic law founded upon the Qur'an).
See also
- Tuanku Imam Bonjol, leader in the Padri movement
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