Palatal lateral approximant
Encyclopedia : P : PA : PAL : Palatal lateral approximant
| IPA – number | 157 |
| IPA – text | |
| IPA – image | 
|
| Entity | ʎ |
| X-SAMPA | L |
| Kirshenbaum | l^ |
Features
Features of the palatal lateral approximant:
- Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by bringing one articulator close to another but without the vocal tract being narrowed to such an extent that a turbulent airstream is produced.
- Its place of articulation is palatal which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised against the hard palate.
- Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
- It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the sides of the tongue, rather than the middle of the tongue.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.
In
In some dialects of English, the sequence /lj/ is sometimes realized as the palatal lateral approximant, via coalescence, a type of assimilation. For example, million (/ˈmɪljən/ might be realized as [ˈmɪʎən]). However, there are no minimal pairs for /lj/ and /ʎ/, so the palatal lateral approximant is not a separate phoneme in English.
In other languages
Catalan has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, where it is denoted by the digraph ll as in lluna /ˈʎunǝ/ (moon), enllaç /ǝɲˈʎas/ (link). The sound is very common in the language and has less phonactical restrictions than in neighbouring Spanish, being allowed in syllable coda position; e.g., vermell /vǝrˈmeʎ/ (red), conill /kuˈniʎ/ (rabbit). It also makes use of the geminate version of this sound, /ʎː/, spelled with the trigraph tll, as in the name of Antoni Gaudí's famous Casa Batlló /bǝˈʎːo/ in Barcelona; however, the geminate is much more phonotactically restricted than the non-geminate and only occurs between vowels within a word. The phenomenon of ieisme, analogous to that of Spanish yeísmo, exists but it is not at all as widespread in Catalan as it is in Spanish, and in general it is still strongly looked down upon as "bad" or "foreigner" pronunciation by many Catalan native speakers, especially by those of the prestige central dialect.
Croatian has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by lj, as in odijeljen /ˈodijeːʎen/ (separated).
Faroese has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it occurs when l is followed by an affricate/palatal plosive, fylgja /fɪʎʤa/, /fɪʎɟa/ (to follow), fylki /fɪʎʧɪ/, /fɪʎcɪ/ (Norwegian fylke)
In Greek, this sound exists as a palatalized allophone for lambda iota (unaccented) (-λι-). It is found in such words as γυαλιά /ʝaʎa/ (glasses). Note that in that example, a similar palatalization occurs to the γ.
Hungarian had the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme in earlier times. It is still denoted
as ly as in király /kiraːj/ (king). While still realised as [ʎ] in some marginal dialects,
in standard Hungarian /ʎ/ has merged into /j/, a phenomenon analogous to that of Spanish ''yeísmo.
Italian has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, where it is denoted by the trigraph gli, as in the article gli /ʎi/ (the); note the i in this trigraph is not pronounced except when it is the only vowel in the syllable (as in the previous example). Italian has a phonemic contrast of geminate (long) versus simple (short) for most consonants, but this is not the case with the palatal lateral (as neither with the palatal nasal spelled gn). The simple [ʎ] and geminate [ʎː] sounds are allophonic and the single phoneme /ʎ/ is usually realized as a geminate between vowels, as in figlio /ˈfiʎːo/ (son), there being no minimal pairs to contrast the long against the short sound.
In Latvian this sound is written as Ļ ļ.
Portuguese has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by lh, as in olho /ˈoʎu/ (eye). In its Galician variant, it is denoted by ll, as in ollo /ˈoʎo/ (eye). In the popular dialects of Brazil this phoneme has several realizations /ʎ/; in most dialects, including the standard, /ʎ/ is pronounced [lj], like English in "million", in other dialects
/ʎ/ survives as [ʎ] (as in Portugal) and in substandard speech a semivocalic [j] sound is common giving pronunciations like "muyer" instead of "mulher". In Galicia the [j] realitzacion is widespread these days under the influence of Spanish "yeísmo".
Occitan has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by lh, as in miralhar /mira'ʎa/ (to reflect, to mirror).
Quechua has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by ll, as in allin /ˈaʎin/ (good).
Slovak has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by ľ (like l plus ’, but in one character), as in roľa /ˈroʎa/ (field).
Spanish traditionally has had the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, which it spells ll in the standard orthography, as in millón /miˈʎon/ (million). However, a phenomenon called yeísmo is nowadays widespread in the majority of the Spanish-speaking areas, consisting of the loss of this palatal lateral phoneme and its merger into the phoneme spelled y (thus millón turns into /miˈʝon/ or /miˈʒon/, depending on the dialect). Note this merger only takes place at the phonological level, not in the orthography, although spelling mistakes switching ll with y or viceversa are common among yeísta speakers. On the other hand, both consonants ll and y are more phonotactically restricted than ll is in neighbouring Catalan and they are not allowed in syllable coda position. When Catalan names and words with ll in this position are borrowed into Spanish, the sound is replaced with that of the alveolar lateral l, because Spanish speakers find it difficult to pronounce an ll there; e.g., the surname of Catalan-born politician Josep Borrell is pronounced as if it were spelled Borrel by Spanish speakers. However, this replacement is considered annoying by many Catalan speakers, even though the majority of Spanish speakers are yeístas and would find it very difficult to pronounce an ll not only at the end of a syllable, but anywhere.
See also
From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Original article here. Support Wikipedia by contributing or donating.
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License See Wikipedia Copyrights for details.
Catalan has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, where it is denoted by the digraph ll as in lluna /ˈʎunǝ/ (moon), enllaç /ǝɲˈʎas/ (link). The sound is very common in the language and has less phonactical restrictions than in neighbouring Spanish, being allowed in syllable coda position; e.g., vermell /vǝrˈmeʎ/ (red), conill /kuˈniʎ/ (rabbit). It also makes use of the geminate version of this sound, /ʎː/, spelled with the trigraph tll, as in the name of Antoni Gaudí's famous Casa Batlló /bǝˈʎːo/ in Barcelona; however, the geminate is much more phonotactically restricted than the non-geminate and only occurs between vowels within a word. The phenomenon of ieisme, analogous to that of Spanish yeísmo, exists but it is not at all as widespread in Catalan as it is in Spanish, and in general it is still strongly looked down upon as "bad" or "foreigner" pronunciation by many Catalan native speakers, especially by those of the prestige central dialect.
Croatian has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by lj, as in odijeljen /ˈodijeːʎen/ (separated).
Faroese has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it occurs when l is followed by an affricate/palatal plosive, fylgja /fɪʎʤa/, /fɪʎɟa/ (to follow), fylki /fɪʎʧɪ/, /fɪʎcɪ/ (Norwegian fylke)
In Greek, this sound exists as a palatalized allophone for lambda iota (unaccented) (-λι-). It is found in such words as γυαλιά /ʝaʎa/ (glasses). Note that in that example, a similar palatalization occurs to the γ.
Hungarian had the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme in earlier times. It is still denoted
as ly as in király /kiraːj/ (king). While still realised as [ʎ] in some marginal dialects,
in standard Hungarian /ʎ/ has merged into /j/, a phenomenon analogous to that of Spanish ''yeísmo.
Italian has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, where it is denoted by the trigraph gli, as in the article gli /ʎi/ (the); note the i in this trigraph is not pronounced except when it is the only vowel in the syllable (as in the previous example). Italian has a phonemic contrast of geminate (long) versus simple (short) for most consonants, but this is not the case with the palatal lateral (as neither with the palatal nasal spelled gn). The simple [ʎ] and geminate [ʎː] sounds are allophonic and the single phoneme /ʎ/ is usually realized as a geminate between vowels, as in figlio /ˈfiʎːo/ (son), there being no minimal pairs to contrast the long against the short sound.
In Latvian this sound is written as Ļ ļ.
Portuguese has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by lh, as in olho /ˈoʎu/ (eye). In its Galician variant, it is denoted by ll, as in ollo /ˈoʎo/ (eye). In the popular dialects of Brazil this phoneme has several realizations /ʎ/; in most dialects, including the standard, /ʎ/ is pronounced [lj], like English in "million", in other dialects
/ʎ/ survives as [ʎ] (as in Portugal) and in substandard speech a semivocalic [j] sound is common giving pronunciations like "muyer" instead of "mulher". In Galicia the [j] realitzacion is widespread these days under the influence of Spanish "yeísmo".
Occitan has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by lh, as in miralhar /mira'ʎa/ (to reflect, to mirror).
Quechua has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by ll, as in allin /ˈaʎin/ (good).
Slovak has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by ľ (like l plus ’, but in one character), as in roľa /ˈroʎa/ (field).
Spanish traditionally has had the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, which it spells ll in the standard orthography, as in millón /miˈʎon/ (million). However, a phenomenon called yeísmo is nowadays widespread in the majority of the Spanish-speaking areas, consisting of the loss of this palatal lateral phoneme and its merger into the phoneme spelled y (thus millón turns into /miˈʝon/ or /miˈʒon/, depending on the dialect). Note this merger only takes place at the phonological level, not in the orthography, although spelling mistakes switching ll with y or viceversa are common among yeísta speakers. On the other hand, both consonants ll and y are more phonotactically restricted than ll is in neighbouring Catalan and they are not allowed in syllable coda position. When Catalan names and words with ll in this position are borrowed into Spanish, the sound is replaced with that of the alveolar lateral l, because Spanish speakers find it difficult to pronounce an ll there; e.g., the surname of Catalan-born politician Josep Borrell is pronounced as if it were spelled Borrel by Spanish speakers. However, this replacement is considered annoying by many Catalan speakers, even though the majority of Spanish speakers are yeístas and would find it very difficult to pronounce an ll not only at the end of a syllable, but anywhere.
See also
From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Original article here. Support Wikipedia by contributing or donating.
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License See Wikipedia Copyrights for details.
Faroese has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it occurs when l is followed by an affricate/palatal plosive, fylgja /fɪʎʤa/, /fɪʎɟa/ (to follow), fylki /fɪʎʧɪ/, /fɪʎcɪ/ (Norwegian fylke)
In Greek, this sound exists as a palatalized allophone for lambda iota (unaccented) (-λι-). It is found in such words as γυαλιά /ʝaʎa/ (glasses). Note that in that example, a similar palatalization occurs to the γ.
Hungarian had the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme in earlier times. It is still denoted as ly as in király /kiraːj/ (king). While still realised as [ʎ] in some marginal dialects, in standard Hungarian /ʎ/ has merged into /j/, a phenomenon analogous to that of Spanish ''yeísmo.
Italian has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, where it is denoted by the trigraph gli, as in the article gli /ʎi/ (the); note the i in this trigraph is not pronounced except when it is the only vowel in the syllable (as in the previous example). Italian has a phonemic contrast of geminate (long) versus simple (short) for most consonants, but this is not the case with the palatal lateral (as neither with the palatal nasal spelled gn). The simple [ʎ] and geminate [ʎː] sounds are allophonic and the single phoneme /ʎ/ is usually realized as a geminate between vowels, as in figlio /ˈfiʎːo/ (son), there being no minimal pairs to contrast the long against the short sound.
In Latvian this sound is written as Ļ ļ.
Portuguese has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by lh, as in olho /ˈoʎu/ (eye). In its Galician variant, it is denoted by ll, as in ollo /ˈoʎo/ (eye). In the popular dialects of Brazil this phoneme has several realizations /ʎ/; in most dialects, including the standard, /ʎ/ is pronounced [lj], like English in "million", in other dialects
/ʎ/ survives as [ʎ] (as in Portugal) and in substandard speech a semivocalic [j] sound is common giving pronunciations like "muyer" instead of "mulher". In Galicia the [j] realitzacion is widespread these days under the influence of Spanish "yeísmo".
Occitan has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by lh, as in miralhar /mira'ʎa/ (to reflect, to mirror).
Quechua has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by ll, as in allin /ˈaʎin/ (good).
Slovak has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by ľ (like l plus ’, but in one character), as in roľa /ˈroʎa/ (field).
Spanish traditionally has had the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, which it spells ll in the standard orthography, as in millón /miˈʎon/ (million). However, a phenomenon called yeísmo is nowadays widespread in the majority of the Spanish-speaking areas, consisting of the loss of this palatal lateral phoneme and its merger into the phoneme spelled y (thus millón turns into /miˈʝon/ or /miˈʒon/, depending on the dialect). Note this merger only takes place at the phonological level, not in the orthography, although spelling mistakes switching ll with y or viceversa are common among yeísta speakers. On the other hand, both consonants ll and y are more phonotactically restricted than ll is in neighbouring Catalan and they are not allowed in syllable coda position. When Catalan names and words with ll in this position are borrowed into Spanish, the sound is replaced with that of the alveolar lateral l, because Spanish speakers find it difficult to pronounce an ll there; e.g., the surname of Catalan-born politician Josep Borrell is pronounced as if it were spelled Borrel by Spanish speakers. However, this replacement is considered annoying by many Catalan speakers, even though the majority of Spanish speakers are yeístas and would find it very difficult to pronounce an ll not only at the end of a syllable, but anywhere.
See also
From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Original article here. Support Wikipedia by contributing or donating.
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License See Wikipedia Copyrights for details.
Portuguese has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by lh, as in olho /ˈoʎu/ (eye). In its Galician variant, it is denoted by ll, as in ollo /ˈoʎo/ (eye). In the popular dialects of Brazil this phoneme has several realizations /ʎ/; in most dialects, including the standard, /ʎ/ is pronounced [lj], like English in "million", in other dialects
/ʎ/ survives as [ʎ] (as in Portugal) and in substandard speech a semivocalic [j] sound is common giving pronunciations like "muyer" instead of "mulher". In Galicia the [j] realitzacion is widespread these days under the influence of Spanish "yeísmo".
Occitan has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by lh, as in miralhar /mira'ʎa/ (to reflect, to mirror).
Quechua has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by ll, as in allin /ˈaʎin/ (good).
Slovak has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by ľ (like l plus ’, but in one character), as in roľa /ˈroʎa/ (field).
Spanish traditionally has had the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, which it spells ll in the standard orthography, as in millón /miˈʎon/ (million). However, a phenomenon called yeísmo is nowadays widespread in the majority of the Spanish-speaking areas, consisting of the loss of this palatal lateral phoneme and its merger into the phoneme spelled y (thus millón turns into /miˈʝon/ or /miˈʒon/, depending on the dialect). Note this merger only takes place at the phonological level, not in the orthography, although spelling mistakes switching ll with y or viceversa are common among yeísta speakers. On the other hand, both consonants ll and y are more phonotactically restricted than ll is in neighbouring Catalan and they are not allowed in syllable coda position. When Catalan names and words with ll in this position are borrowed into Spanish, the sound is replaced with that of the alveolar lateral l, because Spanish speakers find it difficult to pronounce an ll there; e.g., the surname of Catalan-born politician Josep Borrell is pronounced as if it were spelled Borrel by Spanish speakers. However, this replacement is considered annoying by many Catalan speakers, even though the majority of Spanish speakers are yeístas and would find it very difficult to pronounce an ll not only at the end of a syllable, but anywhere.
See also
From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Original article here. Support Wikipedia by contributing or donating.
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License See Wikipedia Copyrights for details.
Occitan has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by lh, as in miralhar /mira'ʎa/ (to reflect, to mirror).
Quechua has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by ll, as in allin /ˈaʎin/ (good).
Slovak has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by ľ (like l plus ’, but in one character), as in roľa /ˈroʎa/ (field).
Spanish traditionally has had the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, which it spells ll in the standard orthography, as in millón /miˈʎon/ (million). However, a phenomenon called yeísmo is nowadays widespread in the majority of the Spanish-speaking areas, consisting of the loss of this palatal lateral phoneme and its merger into the phoneme spelled y (thus millón turns into /miˈʝon/ or /miˈʒon/, depending on the dialect). Note this merger only takes place at the phonological level, not in the orthography, although spelling mistakes switching ll with y or viceversa are common among yeísta speakers. On the other hand, both consonants ll and y are more phonotactically restricted than ll is in neighbouring Catalan and they are not allowed in syllable coda position. When Catalan names and words with ll in this position are borrowed into Spanish, the sound is replaced with that of the alveolar lateral l, because Spanish speakers find it difficult to pronounce an ll there; e.g., the surname of Catalan-born politician Josep Borrell is pronounced as if it were spelled Borrel by Spanish speakers. However, this replacement is considered annoying by many Catalan speakers, even though the majority of Spanish speakers are yeístas and would find it very difficult to pronounce an ll not only at the end of a syllable, but anywhere.
See also
Quechua has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by ll, as in allin /ˈaʎin/ (good).
Slovak has the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, and it is denoted by ľ (like l plus ’, but in one character), as in roľa /ˈroʎa/ (field).
Spanish traditionally has had the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, which it spells ll in the standard orthography, as in millón /miˈʎon/ (million). However, a phenomenon called yeísmo is nowadays widespread in the majority of the Spanish-speaking areas, consisting of the loss of this palatal lateral phoneme and its merger into the phoneme spelled y (thus millón turns into /miˈʝon/ or /miˈʒon/, depending on the dialect). Note this merger only takes place at the phonological level, not in the orthography, although spelling mistakes switching ll with y or viceversa are common among yeísta speakers. On the other hand, both consonants ll and y are more phonotactically restricted than ll is in neighbouring Catalan and they are not allowed in syllable coda position. When Catalan names and words with ll in this position are borrowed into Spanish, the sound is replaced with that of the alveolar lateral l, because Spanish speakers find it difficult to pronounce an ll there; e.g., the surname of Catalan-born politician Josep Borrell is pronounced as if it were spelled Borrel by Spanish speakers. However, this replacement is considered annoying by many Catalan speakers, even though the majority of Spanish speakers are yeístas and would find it very difficult to pronounce an ll not only at the end of a syllable, but anywhere.
See also
Spanish traditionally has had the palatal lateral approximant as a phoneme, which it spells ll in the standard orthography, as in millón /miˈʎon/ (million). However, a phenomenon called yeísmo is nowadays widespread in the majority of the Spanish-speaking areas, consisting of the loss of this palatal lateral phoneme and its merger into the phoneme spelled y (thus millón turns into /miˈʝon/ or /miˈʒon/, depending on the dialect). Note this merger only takes place at the phonological level, not in the orthography, although spelling mistakes switching ll with y or viceversa are common among yeísta speakers. On the other hand, both consonants ll and y are more phonotactically restricted than ll is in neighbouring Catalan and they are not allowed in syllable coda position. When Catalan names and words with ll in this position are borrowed into Spanish, the sound is replaced with that of the alveolar lateral l, because Spanish speakers find it difficult to pronounce an ll there; e.g., the surname of Catalan-born politician Josep Borrell is pronounced as if it were spelled Borrel by Spanish speakers. However, this replacement is considered annoying by many Catalan speakers, even though the majority of Spanish speakers are yeístas and would find it very difficult to pronounce an ll not only at the end of a syllable, but anywhere.
See also
From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Original article here. Support Wikipedia by contributing or donating.
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License See Wikipedia Copyrights for details.