Pan-Islamism
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Pan-Islam was a religious movement in the mid-to-late 1800s calling for the Muslims of the world to unite. It was based on the assumption that Muslims everywhere shared a common interest, were all occupied by imperialist rulers, and should band together as a global community of believers in resistance to European colonialism. Spearheaded by the founder of Islamic modernism, Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, the movement had very socially progressive reforms for the time. Despite this, Pan-Islam was very short-lived as nationalism won out over the cross-borders religious unity Afghani had called for. Muslims under imperialist rule identified more with those of the same region than the same religion and Pan-Islam dissolved out.
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