Particle detector
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In experimental particle physics, a particle detector, also known as a radiation detector, is a device used to track and identify high-energy particles, such as produced by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in a particle accelerator.
Contents
Description
Detectors designed for modern accelerators are huge, both in size and in cost. The term "counter" is often used instead of detector, when the detector counts the particles but does not resolve its energy or ionization. Particle detectors usually can also track ionizing radiation (high energy photons or even visible light). If their main purpose is radiation measurement, they are called radiation detector, but as photons can also be seen as (massless) particles, the term particle detector is still correct.Examples and types
Types of particle detectors include:
- Bubble chamber
- Calorimeter
- Cherenkov detector, Aerogel detector
- Dosimeter
- Drift chamber,Jet chamber
- Electroscope
- Gaseous ionization detectors (Ionization chamber, Proportional counter, Geiger-Mueller tube)
- MicroStrip Gas Chamber (MSGC)
- Multiwire Proportional Chamber (MWPC)
- Photodiodes
- Photographic plates
- Photomultiplier
- RICH (Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detector)
- Scintillation counter
- Semiconductor detector
- Silicon detector
- Spark chamber,Wire chamber
- Straw chamber
- Streamer tube
- Time of flight detector
- Time projection chamber (TPC)
- Transition radiation detector
- Wilson cloud chamber, Diffusion chamber
- Z-sensitive Ionization and Phonon Detector coupled Superconducting Transition Edge Sensors
Modern detectors
Modern detectors in particle physics combine several of the above elements in layers much like an onion.
Installations of particle detectors
At colliders
- At CERN
- *for the LEP
- **[ALEPH]
- **[DELPHI]
- **L3
- **[OPAL]
- *for the SPS
- **[Gargamelle]
- **[NA49]
- *for the LHC
- **CMS
- **ATLAS
- **LHCb
- **[ALICE]
- At Fermilab
- *for the Tevatron
- **[CDF]
- **[D0]
- At DESY
- *for HERA
- **[H1]
- **[HERA-B]
- **[HERMES]
- **[ZEUS]
- At BNL
- *for the RHIC
- **[STAR]
- At SLAC
- *for the [SLC]
- **[SLD]
- Others
- *[MECO] from UC Irvine
Without colliders
See also
External articles and references
- Filmstrips
- "Radiation detectors". H. M. Stone Productions, Schloat. Tarrytown, N.Y., Prentice-Hall Media, 1972.
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