Payne effect

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The Payne effect is a particular feature of the stress-strain behavior of rubber, especially rubber compounds containingfillers such as carbon black. It is named for British rubber scientist A. R. Payne, who made extensive studies of the effect. The effect is sometimes also known as the Fletcher-Gent effect. Fletcher and Gent published the first study of the effect. The effect is observed under cyclic loading conditions, and is manifest as a dependence of the viscoelastic storage modulus on the amplitude of the applied strain. Above approximately 0.1% strain amplitude, the storage modulus decreases rapidly with increasing amplitude. At sufficiently large strain amplitudes (roughly 20%), the storage modulus approaches a lower bound.

 

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