Peking University
Encyclopedia : P : PE : PEK : Peking University
Peking University (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: }}}; pinyin: ), colloquially known in Chinese as Beida (北大, Běidà), was established in 1898, and is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in China. University policy has mandated the use of Peking University in English rather than Beijing University due to tradition and the desire to avoid confusion with Beijing Normal University and other, similarly named institutions.
History
Peking University was established in Beijing in December 1898 during the Hundred Days Reform and was originally known as the Imperial Capital University (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: }}}; pinyin: ). In 1912, following the Xinhai Revolution, the Imperial Capital University was renamed the National Peking University (國立北京大學).
The famous scholar Cai Yuanpei was appointed president on January 4 1917 and helped transform the university into the country's largest institution of higher learning, with 14 departments and an enrollment of more than 2,000 students. Cai, inspired by the German model of academic freedom, recruited an intellectually diverse faculty that included Hu Shih, Chen Duxiu, and Lu Xun. In 1919 students of Peking University formed the bulk of the protesters of the May Fourth Movement. Efforts by the Beiyang government to end to protests by sealing off the Peking University campus led to Cai's resignation. In 1920 Peking University became the second Chinese university to accept female students, after Nanjing University.
During the Second Sino-Japanese War (and resulting Japanese occupation of east China), Peking University moved to Kunming and formed the National Southwestern United University, along with Tsinghua University and Nankai University. In 1946, after World War II, Peking University moved back to Beijing. At that time, the university comprised six schools (Arts, Science, Law, Medicine, Engineering, and Agriculture), and a research institute for humanities. The total student enrollment grew up to 3,000.
After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, Yenching University was merged into Peking University and Peking University lost its "national" appellation to reflect the fact that all universities under the new socialist state would be public. In 1952 Peking University moved from downtown Beijing to the former Yenching campus.
In 2000, Beijing Medical University was merged into Peking University and became the Peking University Health Science Campus.
Present
The Times World University Rankings for 2005 rated Peking University as the best university in China, the best university in Asia, and 15th in the world. In the 2004 rankings, it was rated as the third best university in Asia, and 17th in the world.Peking University is a comprehensive and national key university. The University consists of 30 colleges and 12 departments, with 93 specialties for undergraduates, 2 specialties for the second Bachelor's degree, 199 specialties for Master's degree candidates and 173 specialties for Doctoral candidates. While still laying stress on basic sciences, the university has paid special attention to the development of applied sciences.
At present, Peking university has 216 research institutions and research centres, including 2 national engineering research centres, 81 key national disciplines, 12 national key laboratories. With eight million holdings, the university library is the largest of its kind in Asia.
The university has made an effort to combine the research on fundamental scientific issues with the training of personnel with high level specialized knowledge and professional skill as demanded by the country\'s modernization. It strives not only for the simultaneous improvements in teaching and research work, but also for the promotion of interaction and mutual promotion among various subjects.
Teaching also has been emphasized. It aims to cultivate the students\' practical ability and creative power. As a result, the teaching of core courses is strengthened, the content of courses is enriched and renewed and favourable conditions have been created, for the students to develop themselves in extracurricular activities.
Peking University has been becoming a center for teaching and research, consisting of diverse branches of learning such as pure and applied sciences, social sciences and the humanities, and sciences of management and education. Its aim is to rank among the world\'s best universities in the next couple of decades.
Campus
The campus of Peking University is located in northwest Beijing, in the Haidian district which was designated for universities.It is located on the former site of Qing Dynasty royal gardens and retains Chinese-style landscaping as well as many traditional buildings. It is known throughout China, along with its neighbour Tsinghua University, for having one of the most beautiful campuses.
Beyond Peking University's main campus, Peking University Health Science Center (PKUHSC)'s campus is located in Xue Yuan Rd. where China's most distinguished colleges are located. PKUHSC's campus is less aesthetically appeasing but is nonetheless a fitting site for academics and research.
International students
Peking University has one of the largest pools of international students in China. The dorms for international students are located at "Shao Yuan" (Shao Garden). Every year, Peking University has approximately 2000 international students on campus. Approximately 40% of the international students are Korean and the remaining 60% are made up of students from most countries in the world including most of Western Europe, North America, South America, all parts of Asia, Australia as well as many parts of Africa. The university is a member of Universitas 21, an international association of research-led universities.Notable Alumni, Administrators, and Faculty
- Faculty
- Qian Xuantong - linguist
- Gu Hongming - writer
- Chen Duxiu - dean of letters, later co-founder of Communist Party of China
- Lu Xun - writer
- Shen Congwen - writer
- Hu Shih - philosopher and writer
- Mao Zedong - assistant librarian
- Lin Yutang - writer
- Fei Xiaotong - researcher of sociology and anthropology
- Wang Xiaobo - writer
- He Weifang - judicial reformist
See also
- 7072 Beijingdaxue - asteroid named after Peking University
- List of universities in Mainland China
- Beijing Medical University
External links
From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Original article here. Support Wikipedia by contributing or donating.
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License See Wikipedia Copyrights for details.