Peter Hollingworth
Encyclopedia : P : PE : PET : Peter Hollingworth
Peter Hollingworth AC OBE (born April 10, 1935), is an Australian bishop and was the 23rd Governor-General of Australia.
On 28 May 2003, he resigned his office as a result of criticism of his conduct following the release of an Anglican Church report finding that he had mishandled allegations of sexual abuse by Anglican priests during his tenure as Archbishop of Brisbane.
Early life and career
Peter Hollingworth was born in Adelaide, South Australia before moving to Melbourne as a boy. After attending state primary schools, he was educated at Scotch College. After completing his secondary education he began work for BHP, an Australian mining company. Hollingworth apparently often spent his lunch hours in the local Anglican church, and at this point the idea of becoming a priest was first suggested to him.
Conscripted for National Service in 1953, Hollingworth began work in the Chaplain's Office, and decided to become a priest. He attended the University of Melbourne, living at Trinity College, graduating in 1960 with a Bachelor of Arts and a Licentiate of Theology. Hollingworth was ordained a deacon, then the priest in charge of St Mary's, a church in North Melbourne. In 1964, he joined the Brotherhood of St Laurence, an Anglican charity which helps the disadvantaged, ultimately rising to the position of Executive Director and spending 25 years with the Brotherhood.
In 1976 Hollingworth was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), and in 1988 he became an officer of the Order of Australia (AO) for this work. As well as these secular honours, he was elected as a canon of St Paul's Cathedral in 1980 and consecrated a bishop for the Inner City in 1985. During this time, he completed a Master of Arts in Social Work, and wrote several books about his work with the poor. He is a member of the Melbourne Club.
In 1989, Hollingworth was elected Archbishop of Brisbane, During the 1990s, the Anglican Church in Queensland, along with some other churches around the world at the time, was beset by problems with sexual misconduct . Hollingworth's handling of one of these issues as the administrator of Queensland's Anglicans would later give rise to much controversy.
Governor-General
The Queen appointed Hollingworth Governor-General of Australia on the recommendation of Prime Minister John Howard in May 2001. Following the announcement of his appointment, Hollingworth stated that although he retained his Holy Orders, as Governor-General he would not use the title "Bishop" knowing that some Australians might have difficulty with such a term of address. He also announced that he would not wear a clerical collar in the course of his vice-regal duties.
On 21 May 2001 Hollingworth was awarded the Lambeth degree of Doctor of Letters (D.Litt ''Lambeth') by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr George Carey. Hollingworth was awarded the doctorate in recognition of his research, publication, teaching and achievement in the field of Christian social ethics, social welfare and episcopal leadership. Although Hollingworth did not submit a thesis for this award, it is a substantive degree based on published works, not an honorary one, and in keeping with Australian etiquette on non-medical doctoral qualifications, is noted with the style "Dr N."
On 29 June Hollingworth was sworn-in as Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia and Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Force. The appointment of a clergyman, and specifically Hollingworth, as Governor-General attracted some controversy and some negative comment. Sir William Deane, his predecessor, had been popular with political opponents of the Howard government for his comments on social issues. Others pointed out that Hollingworth's previous record of working with the disadvantaged put him in a strong position to deal with social issues.
Controversy over sexual abuse in the Brisbane Diocese
In 2001 allegations emerged in a civil case that Hollingworth had failed to act when confronted with stories of child abuse at an Anglican school in Toowoomba, Queensland. In the case, the Anglican Diocese of Brisbane was ordered to pay a record $834,000 in damages to a former pupil who had suffered continual abuse at the school.
Following the case, in December 2001, The Courier Mail newspaper reported calls from anti-child abuse campaigner Hetty Johnston for the resignation of Hollingworth from his then position as Governor General.
On 14 December 2001 612 ABC Brisbane broadcast a story which included an interview by psychologist Joy Conolly also calling for Hollingworth to resign. Conolly had given evidence in the civil case and repeated her claim Hollingworth had done nothing when confronted with allegations of child abuse.
In the radio report Conolly recalled an exchange with Hollingworth: "'There's nothing I can do about it, absolutely nothing I can do about it', and I said 'Please can't you ring them and offer them some comfort', and he said 'I'm tired, I'm stressed, I need a holiday'."
The report by Michael Lund was highly commended in the [2002] Walkley Awards.
The Conolly allegation was later denied by Hollingworth in a [statement], although he did say that part of his response was constrained by concerns over pending legal action and a need to limit information based on concerns from the Diocese insurers. Hollingworth saying: "I am sorry that legal and insurance considerations to some extent inhibited our taking a more active role and more overtly expressing the Church's concern for the physical, emotional and spiritual welfare of those affected..."
However, on 17 February 2002 allegations that Hollingworth, as Archbishop of Brisbane, had attempted to cover up several instances of sexual abuse, were aired on the Channel Nine Sunday current affairs program in a story [Governor-General: Fit to Govern?].
Most of the allegations were about the handling of a case in a Toowoomba school where a staff member abused at least two boarders. Hetty Johnston, leader of an organisation supporting victims of child abuse, was instrumental in bringing the issues to the attention of the media, and was vociferous in criticising Hollingworth and called for his resignation.
The next day, Hollingworth appeared on Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Australian Story television program and gave a lengthy interview. In it, he discussed the media criticisms and some of the cases mentioned, expressing his sympathy for the victims of abuse, discussing the restrictions that the legal situation and his responsibilities to the Church organisation placed on his ability to publicly sympathise with the victims, and discussing the personal pressures he was under at the time. Most attention from the interview was directed at comments he made about one case, where a priest had sexually abused a 15-year-old girl:
"The great tragedy about this situation is that the genesis of it was 40 years ago and it occurred between a young priest and a teenage girl who was under the age of consent," Hollingworth said. "I believe she was more than 14. And I also understand that many years later in adult life, their relationship resumed and it was partly a pastoral relationship and it was partly something more. My belief is that this was not sex abuse. There was no suggestion of rape or anything like that. Quite the contrary, my information is that it was, rather, the other way around. And I don't want to say any more than that."
This comment led to further public and media criticism of Hollingworth. The Melbourne newspaper The Age called for Hollingworth's resignation, and opinion polls indicated that a large majority of Australians agreed. Opposition Leader Simon Crean echoed these calls, citing Hollingworth's "serious errors of judgement" and referring to what he viewed as the lack of support for the governor-general in the community and the damage that the controversy was causing to the office.
The situation was unprecedented in Australia: the removal of a Governor-General for reasons of personal conduct had not been contemplated in the past. Howard, who in practice had virtually sole discretion on the Governor-General's continued appointment, rejected calls for Hollingworth to be removed or resign. He said that he believed that while Hollingworth may have made "errors of judgement", he saw no evidence that he had been "soft on child abuse".
Meanwhile, Hollingworth's successor as Archbishop of Brisbane, Dr Phillip Aspinall, instituted a church board of inquiry into the diocese's handling of sexual abuse complaints. The enquiry examined the written records of the Church's actions, as well as seeking sworn statements from Hollingworth and other church officials. To allow the public release and discussion of the final report, the Premier of Queensland, Peter Beattie, tabled the report in the Queensland Parliament in May 2003.
The report examined the handling of nine complaints of sexual abuse during Hollingworth's time as Archbishop. In the majority of cases, the board concluded that his actions were appropriate. On the Toowoomba case, the board found that Hollingworth's actions "could not be criticised", as he had been entitled to assume on the information available that the Headmaster and the School Council were handling the matter properly.
Hollingworth was however criticised by the second Board member Professor Briggs for his lack of expression of compassion towards the victims. In one case, where Hollingworth chose not to apologise on behalf of the church to the victim of abuse (the 14-year-old girl mentioned previously), Professor Briggs considered that "there must have been a way in which Dr Hollingworth could have provided some compassionate recognition of the wrong which the Complainant had suffered."
The handling of another complaint, one that had not attracted as much media attention until the report was released, contained much more serious criticism of Hollingworth's actions. In this case, John Elliot, a church worker who later became a priest, had sexually abused two brothers. Hollingworth interviewed Elliot, who confessed to the offences. After referring the priest to a psychiatrist, and discussing the matter with two bishops, Hollingworth allowed Elliot to continue in the ministry, under the condition that he avoid situations dealing with children and young people and be supervised by his wife.
In this case, the board made very serious criticisms of Hollingworth, stating that he had "apparently reconstructed what he believed he was told, rather than recalled what in fact was said", and that "even if the abuse had been an isolated incident", that "no Bishop acting responsibly could have reached the decision to continue a known paedophile in the ministry". It further described Hollingworth's decision, whilst "made in good faith", as "untenable."
The reaction to the release of the report was another round of denunciation of Holligworth in the media. While some commentators said that Hollingworth was being subjected to a witch-hunt, most newspapers called for his resignation. Several ministers in the Howard government suggested that the Hollingworth should "follow his own conscience," suggesting that they wanted him to resign.
Meanwhile, in December 2002, a civil suit had been lodged in the Victorian Supreme court by Rosemary Ann Jarmyn seeking compensation from Hollingworth and several church organisations. Jarmyn claimed that she had been raped at a church youth camp in Bendigo, a Victorian country town, in the early 1960s by a man she later identified as Hollingworth, from a photograph of him taken around that time in a church newsletter. Jarmyn sought, and obtained, a suppression order on the case, and Hollingworth concurred. Hollingworth told Howard of the allegation at the time, as Howard later confirmed. Jarmyn committed suicide in April 2003, but the case went on with her family as plaintiffs.
The case became public knowledge when an Opposition politician, Lindsay Tanner, asked in Parliament whether there were any civil cases pending against the Governor-General. Hollingworth then made a public statement saying that he had never raped anyone and had not been in Bendigo at the time. Church colleagues supported Hollingworth's denial. In the face of specific denials of Hollingworth and witnesses, the Jarmyn family's solicitors dropped the case.
On 11 May, Hollingworth and Howard held private discussions. Howard then announced that Hollingworth would "stand aside" while the rape allegations were dealt with, and that no decision would be made on his long-term future until they were dealt with. The senior state Governor, Sir Guy Green of Tasmania, became Administrator (acting Governor-General) until Hollingworth's final resignation on 28 May 2003. After leaving office Hollingworth returned to Melbourne and took up volunteer pastoral work with the Anglican Church without, however, taking any official church role.
External links
|- style="text-align: center;" |- style="text-align: center;"
| Governors-General of Australia |
|
|---|---|
| Hopetoun | Tennyson | Northcote | Dudley | Denman | Munro-Ferguson | Forster | Stonehaven | Isaacs | Gowrie | Gloucester | McKell | Slim | Dunrossil | De L'Isle | Casey | Hasluck | Kerr | Cowen | Stephen | Hayden | Deane | Hollingworth | Jeffery | |
From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Original article here. Support Wikipedia by contributing or donating.
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License See Wikipedia Copyrights for details.