Petrovaradin fortress
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Petrovaradin fortress (Serbian: Петроварадинска тврђава or Petrovaradinska tvrđava) is a fortress on the Danube river, near Novi Sad in the Serbian province of Vojvodina. The cornerstone of the present-day southern part of the fortress was laid on October 18th, 1692, by Prince Croy. The Petrovaradin fortress has many underground passages as well (16 Km of underground countermine system).
History
The area of Petrovaradin, today within the Novi Sad city area, was inhabited by the Celts, in the 1st century BC. In the area between Sremska Kamenica and Petrovaradin, a fortress was raised by the Romans, who replaced the Celts two centuries after. The fortress was known as "Cusum". Although there was no fortress on the foundation of the present-day Petrovaradin fortress, the rock was used as an observation post. Three centuries later, the Huns desecrated the area. The Western Roman Empire then fell, and the Byzantine empire soon established their borders around Petrovaradin. Cusum's name was changed to Petrikon.Belgrade fell in 1521, making the real danger now the Ottoman Empire. Wanting to reach Vienna and Hungary, the Ottoman empire moved north-west, taking Petrovaradin. Petrovaradin was conquered on July 27th, 1526. For 161 years, under Turkish rule, the fortified area of Petrovaradin received no attacks. When the year of 1687 arrived, the Austrian army took over the fortified area, and started building up new defensive posts. The Austrian army had another victory, on August 17, 1691. This is when the construction of the present Petrovaradin fortress took place a year after. Many Turkish objects, and objects from the Medieval era were demolished, making the fortress have the appearance that it has today. Prince Savoy, Count Carafa, Field Marshal Kaprara and the heir to the throne Joseph II oversaw the construction of the newer fortress.
Images
References
- Petrovaradin, Enciklopedija Novog Sada, knjiga 20, Novi Sad, 2002
- Radenko Gajić, Petrovaradinska tvrđava - Gibraltar na Dunavu, Sremski Karlovci, 1993
- mr Agneš Ozer, Petrovaradinska tvrđava - vodič kroz vreme i prostor, Novi Sad, 2002
- mr Agneš Ozer, Petrovaradin Fortress - A Guide through time and space, Novi Sad, 2002
- Veljko Milković, Petrovaradin kroz legendu i stvarnost, Novi Sad, 2001
- Veljko Milković, Petrovaradin i Srem - misterija prošlosti, Novi Sad, 2003
- Veljko Milković, Petrovaradinska tvrđava - podzemlje i nadzemlje, Novi Sad, 2005
- Military Heritage did a feature about the Muslim Turks versus Christian Nobility 1716 battle and crusade at Peterwardein, and the success of Prince Eugene of Savoy (Ludwig Heinrich Dyck, Military Heritage, August 2005, Volume 7, No. 1, pp 48 to 53, and p. 78), ISSN 1524-8666.
- Henderson, Nicholas. Prince Eugene of Savoy. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 1964
- Mckay, Derek. Prince Eugene of Savoy. London: Thames and Hudson. 1977
- Nicolle, David and Hook, Christa. The Janissaries. Botley: Osprey Publishing. 2000
- Setton, Kenneth M. Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. 1991
See also
External links
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