Pop-up book
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A pop-up book is a book whose pages fold out, or "pop up", when they are opened and turned. Such books often feature additional features such as pull tabs, flaps, and rotating gears.
Traditionally, pop-ups have been seen as little more than children's books but in recent years, they have grown in prominence, chiefly due to the innovations of Robert Sabuda. The did not start as children's books, however. The very first "pop-up" was a pyramid in one of Euclid's mathematical texts, illustrating how to figure angles. The 3-D aspect was his way of helping students understand his premises. See also Edward Tufte's book, Envisioning Information reproduced Euclid's pop-up pyramid.
The umbrella-term is Movable Books, under which come Pop-ups, Transformations, Tunnel books, Volvelles, Flaps, Pull-tabs, Pop-outs, Pull-downs, and more, each of which performs in a different manner. Even so-called Pop-up books often have various methods included.
Transformations show a scene made up of vertical slats. By pulling a tab on the side, the slats slide under and over one another to "transform" into a totally different scene. Ernest Nister, one of the early English children's book authors, often produced books solely of transformations. Many of these were recently reproduced by Metropolitan Museum of Art reproduced.
Astronomicus Caesarium, by Petro Appianus was made for the Holy Roman Emperor Charles. The book is full of nested volvelles, which are circular pieces revolving on grommets.
Tunnel books (also called peepshows) are made of two flat pieces of cardboard, holes in the middle of one, and concertina-folded paper connecting them. Scenes are painted on the rear cardboard, the inside of the paper tube, and sometimes items are placed in the eyeline. You raise the top board thereby extending the tube, and look through the hole at a 3-D scene.
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