Popish Plot
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The Popish Plot was an alleged Catholic conspiracy. In reality the public scandal was provoked by a conspiracy to discredit Catholics in England.
In 1678 a pair of corrupt English clergymen named Titus Oates and Israel Tonge announced that they had uncovered a "Popish Plot" to murder King Charles II of England and replace him with James, his Roman Catholic brother. Nonconformists rushed to support the Anglican Whigs, who consequently won a great majority in the House of Commons. In 1679 the Whigs passed the "Exclusion Bill" to keep James from the throne, but the act failed to pass the House of Lords. It later developed that Oates and Tonge had lied, and Whig popularity declined after capitalising on near-civil-war.
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