Potassium carbonate
Encyclopedia : P : PO : POT : Potassium carbonate
- Carbonate of potash redirects here. For one of potassium carbonate's impure forms, see potash.
| Potassium carbonate | |
|---|---|
| |
| General | |
| Other names | Potash, pearlash |
| Molecular formula | K2CO3 |
| Molar mass | 138.2 g/mol |
| Appearance | white solid, deliquescent |
| CAS number | [584-08-7] |
| Properties | |
| Density and phase | 2.29 g/cm3, solid |
| Solubility in water | 112 g/100 ml (20 °C) |
| Melting point | 891 °C |
| Boiling point | decomposes |
| Basicity (pKb) | ? |
| Structure | |
| Coordination geometry | ? |
| Crystal structure | ? |
| Thermodynamic data | |
| Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfH | −1151 kJ/mol |
| Std molar entropy, S | 156 J·K−1·mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | External MSDS |
| EU classification | not listed |
| NFPA 704 | |
| Flash point | non flammable |
| RTECS number | TS7750000 |
| Supplementary data page | |
| Structure and properties | n, εr, etc. |
| Thermodynamic data | Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas |
| Spectral data | UV, IR, NMR, MS |
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Potassium bicarbonate |
| Other cations | Lithium carbonate Sodium carbonate |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) [Chemical infoboxInfobox disclaimer and references] | |
Potassium carbonate is a white salt, soluble in water (insoluble in alcohol), which forms a strongly alkaline solution. It can be made as the product of potassium hydroxide's absorbant reaction with carbon dioxide. It is a deliquescent (usually damp or wet) solid, used in the production of soap and glass.
Potassium carbonate was first identified in 1742 by Antonio Campanella and is the primary component of potash and the more refined pearlash or salts of tartar. Historically pearlash was created by baking potash in a kiln to remove impurities. The fine white powder remaining was the pearlash. Pearlash has been used for soap, glass, and china production. The first patent issued by the U.S. Patent Office was awarded to Samuel Hopkins in 1790 for an improved method of making pearlash.
In late 18th century North America, before the development of baking powder, pearlash began to be used as a leavening agent in "quick breads".
Today potassium carbonate is prepared commercially by the electrolysis of potassium chloride. The resulting potassium hydroxide is then carbonated using carbon dioxide to form potassium carbonate, which is often used to produce other potassium compounds.
Other terms for potassium carbonate include:
- Carbonate of potash
- Dipotassium carbonate
- Dipotassium salt
- Pearl ash
- Potash
- Salt of tartar
- Salt of wormwood
- Cream of tartar
Structure
References
A Dictionary of Science, Oxford University Press Inc., New York 2003External links
- For a full list of external links to MSDSs, spectroscopic data, commercial chemicals suppliers etc. for this compound, see [Chemical sources].
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