Promulgation

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Promulgation or enactment is the act of formally proclaiming or declaring new statutory law or administrative law when it receives final formal approval.

After it is approved, the new law is officially announced to the public. Normally, it is accomplished by publishing the text of the law in a government periodical. Most governments around the world have also adopted the practice of publishing laws on their official web sites. Additionally, the national laws of extraordinary importance to the public are verbally announced by the head of state on national television or radio. Local laws are usually announced in the local newspapers and published in bulletins or compendia of municipal regulations.

The power to enact laws lies with authority having appropriate jurisdiction.

In the United Kingdom and in Commonwealth Realms, promulgation is performed when granting Royal Assent.
In Canada, Royal Assent is granted by the Governor General and then published in the Canada Gazette
In the Republic of Ireland, all laws passed by the Oireachtas are promulgated by the President of Ireland as required by Articles 13.3 and 25.1-5 of the Constitution of Ireland.
On the Isle of Man, laws are promulgated annually on Tynwald Day; any Act that is not promulgated with in eighteen months of passage ceases to remain valid.
In France, the President of the Republic promulgates law (he may ask Parliament to reconsider the law, but only once).
In Germany, the President of Germany has the duty to duly promulgate and issue laws, unless he deems them "evidently unconstitutional". The question to what degree he has to be convinced of the constitutional violation to deny promulgation is hotly debated. One such case arose in July 2005, when it was unclear whether Horst Köhler would sign the bill that paved the way for new elections in September of 2005, after the German government under Gerhard Schröder had lost a parliamentary vote of confidence on purpose. He eventually did.
In Poland laws have to be promulgated by the President of the Republic in the Dziennik Ustaw journal. The President may refer to the Constitutional Tribunal; if he has not make reference, he may refer the bill to the Sejm (veto) for further reconsideration. The bill shall then be repassed only by a qualified majority of three-fifths in the presence of at least half of the statutory number of Deputies.
In Hungary laws have to be promulgated by the President of the Republic and after must be published after in the Magyar Közlöny which is the national gazette.
In the Canon law of the Roman Catholic Church, laws issued by the Pope or an ecumenical council are promulgated when they are published in Acta Apostolicae Sedis and by default have the force of law three months after promulgation (can. 8 §1, CIC, 1983). Laws issued by bishops and particular councils are promulgated in various ways but by default take effect one month after promulgation (can. 8 §2, CIC, 1983).
In American administrative law, a regulation may be said to be formally promulgated by an administrative agency.
In Romania, bills and Government ordinances have to be promulgated by the President and afterwards published in the official gazette Monitorul Oficial.

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