Purification

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Purification is the process of rendering something pure, i.e. clean of foreign elements and/or pollution. This can refer to:

Physically separating a substance of interest from foreign or contaminating elements, and can take one or more of the following forms

Filtration is a mechanical method to remove solids from liquids.
Condensation or distillation is used to remove soluble substances from liquids, which cannot be done through filtration due to the small size of the substances.
Smelting is used to produce metals from raw ore, and involves adding chemicals to the ore and heating it up to the melting point of the metal.
Refining is used primarily in the petroleum industry, whereby crude oil is heated and separated into stages according to the condensation points of the various elements.
Water purification combines a number of methods to produce potable or drinking water

In religious context, it can mean

a ceremonial or ritual cleansing, such as baptism;
the Christian liturgical feast named Purification of the Virgin.

In Economics, a Nash equilibrium consisting of randomly mixed strategies in a game can be interpreted as pure strategy equilibrium of a different game. See purification theorems.

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