Quantum vibration
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A quantum vibration is a vibration of a chemical bond in a molecule that must be treated quantum mechanically. The low-lying vibration energy states can be described as states of the quantum harmonic oscillator, and as higher vibrational states, near the bond disassociation limit, as Morse oscillators.
A molecule can vibrate in many ways and each of them we can call a vibrational mode. The vibrations can be seen with IR spectroscopy for example. As a help to calculate the number of vibrational modes, it's convenient to determine the number of degrees of freedom available to vibration. As a generalization any molecule consisting of N atoms will have 3N freedoms for translational motion. 3 degrees are translational freedoms. There are also 3 degrees of rotational freedom for non-linear molecules and 2 degrees of rotational freedom for linear molecules. This leaves 3N-5 degrees of vibrational freedom for linear molecules and 3N-6 degrees of vibrational freedom for non-linear molecules.
As an example H2O, a non-linear molecule, will have 3*3-6 = 3 degrees of vibrational freedoms, or modes.
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