Radiopharmacology
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Radiopharmacology is the study and preparation of radiopharmaceuticals, which are radioactive pharmaceuticals. Radiopharmaceuticals are used in the field of nuclear medicine as tracers in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. Many radiopharmaceuticals use technetium (Tc-99m). In the book Technetium by Klaus Schwochau, 31 different radiopharmaceuticals based on Tc-99m are listed for imaging and functional studies of the brain, myocardium, thyroid, lungs, liver, gallbladder, kidneys, skeleton, blood and tumors.
A list of nuclear medicine radiopharmaceuticals follows. Some radioisotopes are used in ionic or inert form without attachment to a pharmaceutical, these are also included. There is a section for each radioisotope with a table of radiopharmaceuticals using that radioisotope. The sections are ordered alphabetically by the english name of the radioisotope. Sections for the same element are then ordered by atomic mass number.
- 1 Calcium-47
- 2 Carbon-11
- 3 Carbon-14
- 4 Chromium-51
- 5 Cobalt-57
- 6 Cobalt-58
- 7 Erbium-169
- 8 Flourine-18
- 9 Gallium-67
- 10 Hydrogen-3
- 11 Indium-111
- 12 Iodine-123
- 13 Iodine-131
- 14 Iron-59
- 15 Krypton-81m
- 16 Nitrogen-13
- 17 Oxygen-15
- 18 Phosphorus-32
- 19 Samarium-153
- 20 Selenium-75
- 21 Sodium-22
- 22 Sodium-24
- 23 Strontium-89
- 24 Technetium-99m
- 25 Thallium-201
- 26 Xenon-133
- 27 Yttrium-90
- 28 References
Calcium-47
47Ca is a beta and gamma emitter.
| Name | Investigation | Route of administration | In-vitro / in-vivo | Imaging / non-imaging |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ca-47-Ca2+ | Bone metabolism | IV | In-vitro | Non-imaging |
Carbon-11
11C is a positron emitter.
| Name | Investigation | Route of administration | In-vitro / in-vivo | Imaging / non-imaging |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C11-L-methyl-methionine | Brain tumour imaging Parathyroid imaging | IV | In-vivo | Imaging |
Carbon-14
14C is a beta emitter.
| Name | Investigation | Route of administration | In-vitro / in-vivo | Imaging / non-imaging |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C14-Glycocholic acid | Breath test for small intestine bacterial overgrowth | Oral | In-vitro | Non-imaging |
| C14-PABA (para-amino benzoic acid) | Pancreatic studies | Oral | In-vitro | Non-imaging |
| C14-Urea | Breath test to detect Helicobacter pylori | Oral | In-vitro | Non-imaging |
| C14-d-xylose | Breath test for small intestine bacterial overgrowth | Oral | In-vitro | Non-imaging |
Chromium-51
51Cr is a gamma emitter.| Name | Investigation | Route of administration | In-vitro / in-vivo | Imaging / non-imaging |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cr51-Red blood cells | Red cell volume; sites of sequestration; gastrointestinal blood loss | IV | In-vitro | Non-imaging |
| Cr51-Cr3+ | Gastrointestinal protein loss | IV | In-vitro | Non-imaging |
| Cr51-EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) | Glomerular filtration rate measurement | IV | In-vitro | Non-imaging |
Cobalt-57
57Co is a gamma emitter.
| Name | Investigation | Route of administration | In-vitro / in-vivo | Imaging / non-imaging |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Co57-Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) | Gastrointestinal absorption | Oral | In-vitro | Non-imaging |
Cobalt-58
58Co is a gamma emitter.
| Name | Investigation | Route of administration | In-vitro / in-vivo | Imaging / non-imaging |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Co58-Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) | Gastrointestinal absorption | Oral | In-vitro | Non-imaging |
Erbium-169
169Er is a beta emitter.
| Name | Treatment of | Route of administration |
|---|---|---|
| Er169-Colloid | Arthritic conditions | Intra-articular |
Flourine-18
18F is a positron emitter.
| Name | Investigation | Route of administration | In-vitro / in-vivo | Imaging / non-imaging |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F18-FDG (Fluorodeoxyglucose) | Tumour imaging Myocardial imaging | IV | In-vivo | Imaging |
| F18-Fluoride | Bone imaging | IV | In-vivo | Imaging |
Gallium-67
67Ga is a gamma emitter. See Gallium scan.
| Name | Investigation | Route of administration | In-vitro / in-vivo | Imaging / non-imaging |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ga67-Ga3+ | Tumour imaging | IV | In-vivo | Imaging |
| Ga67-Ga3+ | Infection/inflammation imaging | IV | In-vivo | Imaging |
Hydrogen-3
3H or tritium is a beta emitter.
| Name | Investigation | Route of administration | In-vitro / in-vivo | Imaging / non-imaging |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H3-water | Total body water | Oral or IV | In-vitro | Non-imaging |
Indium-111
111In is a gamma emitter.
Iodine-123
123I is a gamma emitter.
Iodine-131
131I is a beta and gamma emitter.Diagnostic
Therapeutic
Iron-59
59Fe is a beta and gamma emitter.
Krypton-81m
81Krm is a gamma emitter.
Nitrogen-13
13N is a positron emitter.
Oxygen-15
15O is a positron emitter.
Phosphorus-32
32P is a beta emitter.
Samarium-153
153Sm is a beta and gamma emitter.
Selenium-75
75Se is a gamma emitter.
Sodium-22
22Na is a positron and gamma emitter.
Sodium-24
24Na is a beta and gamma emitter.
Strontium-89
89Sr is a beta emitter.
Technetium-99m
99Tcm is a gamma emitter.
Thallium-201
201Tl is a gamma emitter.
Xenon-133
133Xe is a gamma emitter.
Yttrium-90
90Y is a beta emitter.
References
- Notes for guidance on the clinical administration of radiopharmaceuticals and use of sealed radioactive sources. Administration of radioactive substances advisory committee. December 1998. Produced by the National Radiological Protection Board.
- [Malabsorption]. In: The Merck Manual of Geriatrics, chapter 111.
- [Leukoscan summary of product characteristics] (Tc99m-Sulesomab).
- Schwochau, Klaus. Technetium. Wiley-VCH (2000). ISBN 3-527-29496-1
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