Revolutionary Nationalist Movement
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The Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (Spanish: Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario) is a political party in Bolivia. At the legislative elections in 2002, the party won in an alliance with the Free Bolivia Movement 26.9 % of the popular vote and 36 out of 130 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 11 out of 27 seats in the Senate. Its candidate at the presidential elections, Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, won 22.5 % of the popular vote and was subsequently elected by parliament as president. After the 2002 elections, it ruled in a coalition with the Revolutionary Left Movement, with Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada as president (he had previously been president from 1993 to 1997. It began as a leftist party, it has moved considerably to the right and now advocates neoliberal economic policies.
The party was founded by Víctor Paz Estenssoro and Hernán Siles Zuazo. They led a revolution in 1952 and ruled the country from 1952 until a military coup in 1964. Siles and Paz Estenssoro split in the 1980s. Siles going on to lead the UDP (Union Democratica Popular) under the MNR-I faction (the left wing of the MNR). Paz Estenssoro maintained control over the bulk of the party, and returned to the presidency from 1985 until 1989.
The party came in first in the 1989 elections (but parliament chose the third-place candidate, Jaime Paz Zamora). It came in first in 1993, and was chosen by parliament. It placed second in 1997, losing the presidency to the front-runner (Hugo Banzer).
At the legislative elections of 30 june 2002, the party won together with the Free Bolivia Movement 26.9 % of the popular vote and 36 out of 130 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 11 out of 27 in the Senate. Following these elections, because no candidate could get a majority, the Congress chose the President, and they chose Sánchez de Lozada, the MNR candidate. In 2003, however, Sánchez de Lozada resigned, and his successor, Carlos Mesa, took over as an independent (he was never a party member) in hopes of promoting national unity in the face of nation-wide protests. Mesa later resigned and presidential elections were moved up to December 2005.
At these legislative elections in 2005, the party won 6.5 % of the popular vote and 7 out of 130 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 1 out of 27 seats in the Senate. Its candidate at the presidential elections, Michiaki Nagatani Morishita, won 6.5 % of the popular vote, signaling a continued decline for the party.
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