Robert Southey
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Robert Southey (August 12, 1774 – March 21, 1843) was an English poet of the Romantic school, and one of the so-called "Lake Poets", and Poet Laureate. Although his fame tends to be eclipsed by that of his contemporaries such as William Wordsworth, Southey's verse enjoys enduring popularity. Moreover, he was a literary scholar, writing a number of biographical studies of historical interest, notably on the life and works of John Bunyan and John Wesley.
Life
He was born in Bristol to Thomas Southey and Margaret Hill and educated at Westminster School (from which he was expelled for writing a magazine article condemning flogging) and Balliol College, Oxford (of his time at Oxford Southey was later to say "All I learnt was a little swimming ... and a little boating."). After experimenting with a writing partnership with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, he published his first collection of poems in 1794. The same year, he, Coleridge and a few others discussed setting up an idealistic community in America.
- Their wants would be simple and natural; their toil need not be such as the slaves of luxury endure; where possessions were held in common, each would work for all; in their cottages the best books would have a place; literature and science, bathed anew in the invigorating stream of life and nature, could not but rise reanimated and purified. Each young man should take to himself a mild and lovely woman for his wife; it would be her part to prepare their innocent food, and tend their hardy and beautiful race.
Southey's wife, Edith, was the sister of Coleridge's wife. The Southeys set up home at Greta Hall, Keswick, in the Lake District, living on a tiny income. From 1809, he contributed to the Quarterly Review, and had become so well-known by 1813 that he was appointed Poet Laureate.
In 1819, through a mutual friend (John Rickman), Southey met leading civil engineer Thomas Telford and struck up a strong friendship. From mid-August to 1 October 1819, Southey accompanied Telford on an extensive tour of his engineering projects in the Scottish Highlands, keeping a diary of his observations. This was published posthumously in 1929 as Journal of a tour in Scotland in 1819.
In 1838, Edith died and Southey married Caroline Anne Bowles, also a poet. Many of his poems are still read by British schoolchildren, the best-known being The Inchcape Rock and After Blenheim (possibly one of the earliest anti-war poems).
According to the June 1, 2006 airing of Paul Harvey's The Rest of the Story, Southey "denounced free trade and praised the working man," making him an early example of a socialist or even communist.
Major works
- Fall of Robespierre ( 1794 ).
- Joan of Arc: An Epic Poem ( 1796 )
- Poems ( 1797 - 99 )
- Letters from Spain ( 1797 )
- Devil's Thoughts ( 1799 )
- Thalaba the Destroyer ( 1801 )
- Amadis de Gaula ( 1803 ). Translation
- Madoc ( 1805 )
- Letters from England ( 1807 )
- Palmerin of England ( 1807 ). Translation.
- The Cid ( 1808 ). Translation
- The Curse of Kehama ( 1810 )
- The Life of Nelson ( 1813 )
- Roderick, the Last of the Goths ( 1814 )
- Wat Tyler: A Dramatic Poem ( 1817 )
- Journal of a Tour in Scotland in 1819 ( 1929, posthumous )
- The Life of Wesley, and the rise and progress of Methodism (c.1820)
- A Vision of Judgment ( 1821 )
- Life of Cromwell ( 1821 )
- Thomas More ( 1829 )
- The Pilgrim's Progress with a Life of John Bunyan (1830)
- Cowper ( 1833 )
- The Doctors ( 1834 ). Includes the first published version of the fairy tale-like The Three Bears.
- Select Lives of Cromwell and Bunyan (1846)
- The Inchcape Rock
Wikipedia Links
External links
- [The original Southey version of The Three Bears]
- [The Robert Southey Collection]: Presented online by [The University of Wisconsin Digital Collections Center]. Titles include:
- *[Southey, Robert, 1774-1843. Southey's Common-place book. First series. Choice passages. Collections for English manners and literature: 2d. ed. (1850)]
- *[Southey, Robert, 1774-1843. Southey's Common-place book. Second series. Special collections: 2d. ed. (1850])
- *[Southey, Robert, 1774-1843. Southey's Common-place book. Third series. Analytical readings: 2d. ed. (1850)]
- *[Haller, William. 1885- The early life of Robert Southey, 1774-1803 (1917)]
- *[Southey, Robert, 1774-1843. The doctor, &c. (1848)]
- [e-book of Madoc], an epic poem in two volumes about the legendary Welsh prince Madoc.
Notes
|- style="text-align: center;"
| Romanticism | |
|---|---|
| 18th century - 19th century | |
| Romantic music: Beethoven - Brahms - Chopin - Grieg - Liszt - Puccini - Schumann - Tchaikovsky - The Five - Verdi - Wagner | |
| Romantic poetry: Blake - Burns - Byron - Coleridge - Goethe - Hölderlin - Hugo - Keats - Lamartine - Leopardi - Lermontov - Mickiewicz - Nerval - Novalis - Pushkin - Shelley - Słowacki - Wordsworth | |
| Visual art and architecture: Brullov - Constable - Corot - Delacroix - Friedrich - Géricault - Gothic Revival architecture - Goya - Hudson River school - Leutze - Nazarene movement - Palmer - Turner | |
| Romantic culture: Bohemianism - Romantic nationalism | |
| << Age of Enlightenment | Victorianism >> Realism >> |
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