Romanian Cyrillic alphabet
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The Romanian Cyrillic alphabet was used to write Romanian language before 1860-1862, when it has been officially replaced by a Latin-based alphabet. It is not the same as the Russian-based Moldovan alphabet used in Moldavian ASSR since 1926, and then in the Moldavian SSR between 1940 and 1989.
Between its descarding and the full adoption of the Latin alphabet, a so-called transitional alphabet, was in place for a few years (it combined Cyrillic and Latin letters, and included some of the Latin letters with diacritics which came to be used in Romanian spelling).
Table of correspondence
| Letter | Numerical Value | Romanian Latin Equivalent | Transitional Alphabet | Phoneme |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| А | 1 | a | A a | /a/ |
| Б | b | Б б | /b/ | |
| В | 2 | v | В в | /v/ |
| Г | 3 | g, gh | G g | /g/ |
| Д | 4 | d | D d | /d/ |
| Є, Е[0] | 5 | e | E e | /e/ |
| Ж | j | Ж ж | ||
| Ѕ[1] | 6 | — | — | — |
| З | 7 | z | Z z | /z/ |
| И | 8 | i | I i | /i/ |
| Й[2] | i | Ĭ ĭ | ||
| І[3] | 10 | i | I i | /i/ |
| К | 20 | c, ch | K k | /k/ |
| Л | 30 | l | L l | /l/ |
| М | 40 | m | M m | /m/ |
| Н | 50 | n | N n | /n/ |
| Ѻ, О[0] | 70 | o | O o | |
| П | 80 | p | П п | /p/ |
| Р | 100 | r | Р р | /r/ |
| С | 200 | s | S s | /s/ |
| Т | 300 | t | T t | /t/ |
| Ѹ, У[0] | u | У у | /u/ | |
| Ф | 500 | f | F f | /f/ |
| Х | 600 | h | Х х | /h/ |
| Ѡ[4] | 800 | o | O o | /o/ |
| Ц | 900 | ţ | Ц ц | |
| Ч | 90 | c (before e, i) | Ч ч | |
| Џ | g (before e, i) | Џ џ | ||
| Ш | ş | Ш ш | ||
| Щ | şt | Щ щ | ||
| Ъ | ă | Ъ ъ | /ə/ | |
| Ь | — | — | — | |
| Ѣ | ea | Ea ea | /æ/ | |
| Ю | iu | Iу iу Ĭу ĭу | ||
| IA, Ѧ[0] | ia | Ia ia | ||
| Ѫ | â, î | Î î | ||
| ↑[5] | în îm | În în Îm îm | /ɨm/ | |
| Ѯ[6] | 60 | x | Ks ks | /ks/ |
| Ѱ[6] | 700 | ps | Пs пs | /ps/ |
| Ѳ[6] | 9 | t | T t | /t/ (and perhaps /θ/) |
| Ѵ[6] | 400 | i, v | I i; В в | /i/, /y/, /v/ |
Notes
[0] Initial vs. non-initial shapes: Є/Е, Ѻ/О, Ѹ/У, IA/Ѧ.
[1] Ѕ is a numerical sign only.
[2] Й is hardly a separate letter of the alphabet; the letters Ю и Ѡ also accept a brevity sign.
[3] In the loanwords of Greek origin (or ones adopted through the Greek language), letters И and І correspond to eta and iota, respectively. In the words of Romanian origin and in Slavic loanwords, their usage follows pre-1917 Russian rules, namely, І before vowels, otherwise И.
[4] The distinction of Ѡ and О is present not only in loanwords, but in Romanian words as well.
[5] ↑ — this special letter is used for writing the preposition/prefix în, îm (=in). It has no Unicode equivalent. Probably, it is a modified letter Ѫ (↑ appears in the beginning of words, and Ѫ can be found only in the middle and at the end; thus, this pair of letters is very similar to the one mentioned in Note [0] above).
[6] Letters Ѯ, Ѱ, Ѳ and Ѵ are used for copying Greek spelling of loanwords (especially for names and toponyms).
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