Rulers of Hanover

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The following is a list of rulers of the Principality of Calenberg, a subdivision of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, which was later known as Hanover.

Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1635-1692

split off from Wolfenbüttel''

• William the Victorious 1432-1473

reunited with Wolfenbüttel in 1473; split off again from Wolfenbüttel in 1495

• Eric II 1495-1540
• Eric III 1540-1584

inherited by Wolfenbüttel

split off from Wolfenbüttel

• George 1635-1641
• Christian Louis 1641-1648
• George William 1648-1665
• John Frederick 1665-1679
• Ernest Augustus 1679-1698

Ernest Augustus received the additional title of elector in 1692.

Electors of Hanover and Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg, 1692-1814

• Ernest Augustus 1692-1698
• George I Louis 1698-1727
• *became King George I of Great Britain in 1714
• George II Augustus 1727-1760
• *also King George II of Great Britain
• George III 1760-1814
• *also King George III of Great Britain (the United Kingdom from 1801)

In 1803, Hanover was occupied by France, and did not return to the control of its Elector until 1814. In the meanwhile, however, Hanoverian ministers continued to operate out of London, and maintained their own separate diplomatic service (which maintained links to countries like Austria and Prussia, with whom the United Kingdom itself was technically at war). In 1814, Hanover became a Kingdom.

Kings of Hanover, 1814-1866

• George III of the United Kingdom 1814-1820
• George IV of the United Kingdom 1820-1830
• William IV of the United Kingdom 1830-1837

The thrones of the United Kingdom and Hanover diverged in 1837 as Hanover, unlike the U.K., was under the Salic law, and so did not pass to Queen Victoria. Her uncle, the Duke of Cumberland, succeeded as

• Ernest I of Hanover (or Ernst August I) 1837-1851
• George V of Hanover 1851-1866

Hanover was annexed by Prussia in 1866 as a result of Hanover's participation on Austria's side in the Austro-Prussian (or Seven Weeks') War.

See also

House of Hanover, Mayor of Hanover

 

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