Rulers of Hesse
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Hesse is a region of west-central Germany. Originally the western part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia, in the mid 13th Century it was inherited by the younger son of Henry II, Duke of Brabant, and became a distinct political entity. From the late 16th century it was generally divided into several branches, the most important of which were those of Hesse-Kassel and Hesse-Darmstadt. In the early 19th century the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel was elevated to Elector of Hesse (1803), while the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt became the Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (1806). Hesse-Kassel was annexed by Prussia in 1866, while Hesse-Darmstadt lasted until the end of the German monarchies in 1918.
Contents
- 1 Landgraves of Hesse, 1264-1567
- 1.1 Landgraves of Hesse, 1264-1458
- 1.2 Landgraves of ''Lower Hesse'' (Kassel), 1458-1500
- 1.3 Landgraves of ''Upper Hesse'' (Marburg), 1458-1500
- 1.4 Landgraves of Hesse, 1500-1567
- 2 Landgraves of
- 2.1 Landgraves of
- 2.2 Landgraves of Hesse-Eschwege, 1627-1755
- 2.3 Landgraves of
- 2.4 Landgraves of Hesse-Philippsthal
- 2.5 Landgraves of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld
- 3 Landgraves of
- 4 Landgraves of
- 5 Landgraves of
- 5.1 Landgraves of Hesse-Butzbach, 1609-1643
- 5.2 Landgraves of
- 5.3 Landgraves of Hesse-Braubach, 1625-1651
- 5.4 Landgraves of Hesse-Itter, 1661-1676
- 6 Electors of Hesse (-Kassel), 1803-1866
- 7 Grand Dukes of Hesse (-Darmstadt) and the Rhine, 1806-1918
- 8 Heads of the non-reigning House of Hesse
- 8.1 Line Hesse-Kassel (since 1866)
- 8.2 rights to the Finnish throne
- 8.3 Line Hesse-Darmstadt (1918-1968)
- 9 External links
Landgraves of Hesse, 1264-1567
Landgraves of Hesse, 1264-1458
- Henry I the Child, 1264-1308
- Otto the Elder, son of Henry I, 1308-1328 in Lower Hesse (Kassel), reunited Hesse in 1311
- John, son of Henry I, 1308-1311 in Upper Hesse (Marburg)
- Henry II the Iron, son of Otto I, 1328-1376
- *Louis the Junker, son of Otto I, 1336-1345 residing in Grebenstein
- *Hermann I the Elder, son of Otto I, 1336-1370 residing in Nordeck
- *Otto the Younger, son of Henry II the Iron, co-regent 1340-1366
- Hermann II the Learned, son of Louis the Junker, 1376-1413, co-regent since 1367
- Louis I the Peaceful 1413-1458
Landgraves of Lower Hesse (Kassel), 1458-1500
- Louis II the Frank, eldest son of Louis the Peaceful, 1458-1471
- William I the Elder, son of Louis III, 1471-1493
- William II the Middle, son of Louis III, 1493-1509, reunited Hesse in 1500
Landgraves of Upper Hesse (Marburg), 1458-1500
- Henry III the Rich, younger son of Louis the Peaceful, 1458-1483
- *Louis III the Younger (died 1478)
- William III the Younger, 1483-1500
- 1500 reunited with Lower Hesse under William II
Landgraves of Hesse, 1500-1567
- Philip I the Magnanimous, son of William II, 1509-1567
Landgraves of
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- William IV the Wise, eldest son of Philip the Magnanimous, 1567-1592
- Maurice, 1592-1627
- William V, second son Maurice, 1627-1637
- William VI, 1637-1663
- William VII, 1663-1670
- Charles II, 1670-1730
- Frederick I, 1730-1751, also King of Sweden 1720-1751
- William VIII, 1751-1760
- Frederick II, 1760-1785
- William IX, 1785-1803, became Elector William I in 1803
Landgraves of
- Hermann, third son of Maurice, 1627-1658
- Ernest, fifth son of Maurice, 1658-1693
- William, 1693-1725
- Ernest Leopold, 1725-1749
- Constantine, 1749-1778, inherited Eschwege in 1755
- Emanuel, 1778-1806 (died 1812)
- 1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored under the supremacy of the Elector of Hesse
- Victor Amadeus, 1813-1834
- ''1834 extinct, reunited with Hesse-Kassel
Landgraves of Hesse-Eschwege, 1627-1755
- Frederick, forth son of Maurice, 1627-1646
- Ernest, fifth son of Maurice, 1646-1693
- Charles, 1693-1711
- William, 1711-1731
- Christian, 1711-1755 Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried, since 1731 also in Eschwege
- 1755 united with Hesse-Rotenburg
Landgraves of
- Ernest, fifth son of Maurice, 1627-1693
- 1658 united with Hesse-Rotenburg, 1754 with Hesse-Kassel
Landgraves of Hesse-Philippsthal
- Philip, son of William VI, 1663-1721
- Charles II, 1721-1770
- William, 1770-1806 (died 1810)
- 1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored under the supremacy of the Elector of Hesse
- Ernst Constantine, 1813-1816
- Ernst Constantine, 1816-1849
- Charles II, 1849-1866
- 1866 annexed by Prussia
Landgraves of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld
- William, son of Philip, 1721-1761
- Frederick, 1761-1772
- Adolf, 1772-1803
- Adolf, 1803-1806
- 1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored under the supremacy of the Elector of Hesse
- Adolf, 1813-1854 (restored)
- Alexis, 1854-1866
- 1866 annexed by Prussia
Landgraves of
- Louis IV, second son of Philip the Magnanimous, 1567-1604
- 1604 extinct and disputed between Hesse-Kassel and Hesse-Darmstadt, 1648 divided between the two lines
Landgraves of
- Philip the Younger, third son of Philip the Magnanimous, 1567-1583
- 1583 extinct and divided between Hesse-Kassel, Hesse-Marburg and Hesse-Darmstadt
Landgraves of
- George I, fourth son of Philip the Magnanimous, 1567-1596
- Louis V, 1596-1626
- George II, 1626-1661
- Louis VI, 1661-1678
- Louis VII, 1678
- Ernest Louis, 1678-1739
- Louis VIII, 1739-1768
- Louis IX 1768-1790
- Louis X 1790-1806, became Grand Duke Louis I
Landgraves of Hesse-Butzbach, 1609-1643
- Philip, second son of George I of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1609-1643
Landgraves of
- Frederick I, third son of George I of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1622-1638
- William Christoph, 1638-1681, sold Homburg to his brother George Christian in 1669, but retained Bingenheim (Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg-Bingenheim)
- *Margareta Elisabetha of Leiningen-Westerburg-Schaumburg, Regent 1638-1648
- George Christian, 1669-1671 Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
- Under mortgage to two merchants (1671-1673) and the Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt (1673-1679)
- Frederick II, son of Fredrick I, 1679-1708, Commander general of the army of Brandenburg (The Prince of Homburg), redeemed Homburg in 1679, regained Bingenheim in 1681
- Frederick III Jacob, 1708-1746, Cavalry general in the Netherlands
- Frederick IV, 1746-1751
- Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, 1751 - 1806
- *Ulrike Louise von Solms-Braunfels, Regent 1751-1766
- 1806 Annexed by Hesse-Darmstadt, 1815 restored on the Congress of Vienna
- Frederick V, 1815 - 1820 (restored)
- Frederick VI, 1820-1829, Cavalry general in Austria
- Louis, 1829-1839, Infantry general in Prussia
- Philip, 1839-1846, Field marshall in Austria
- Gustav, 1846-1848, Cavalry general in Austria
- Ferdinand, 1484-1866, Cavalry general in Austria
- 1866 annexed by Prussia
Landgraves of Hesse-Braubach, 1625-1651
- John, son of Louis V, 1626 - 1651
Landgraves of Hesse-Itter, 1661-1676
- George III, second son of George II, 1661-1676
Electors of Hesse (-Kassel), 1803-1866
- William I, 1803-1806
- 1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored
- Ernest, fifth son of Maurice, 1627-1693
- 1658 united with Hesse-Rotenburg, 1754 with Hesse-Kassel
Landgraves of Hesse-Philippsthal
- Philip, son of William VI, 1663-1721
- Charles II, 1721-1770
- William, 1770-1806 (died 1810)
- 1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored under the supremacy of the Elector of Hesse
- Ernst Constantine, 1813-1816
- Ernst Constantine, 1816-1849
- Charles II, 1849-1866
- 1866 annexed by Prussia
Landgraves of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld
- William, son of Philip, 1721-1761
- Frederick, 1761-1772
- Adolf, 1772-1803
- Adolf, 1803-1806
- 1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored under the supremacy of the Elector of Hesse
- Adolf, 1813-1854 (restored)
- Alexis, 1854-1866
- 1866 annexed by Prussia
Landgraves of
- Louis IV, second son of Philip the Magnanimous, 1567-1604
- 1604 extinct and disputed between Hesse-Kassel and Hesse-Darmstadt, 1648 divided between the two lines
Landgraves of
- Philip the Younger, third son of Philip the Magnanimous, 1567-1583
- 1583 extinct and divided between Hesse-Kassel, Hesse-Marburg and Hesse-Darmstadt
Landgraves of
- George I, fourth son of Philip the Magnanimous, 1567-1596
- Louis V, 1596-1626
- George II, 1626-1661
- Louis VI, 1661-1678
- Louis VII, 1678
- Ernest Louis, 1678-1739
- Louis VIII, 1739-1768
- Louis IX 1768-1790
- Louis X 1790-1806, became Grand Duke Louis I
Landgraves of Hesse-Butzbach, 1609-1643
- Philip, second son of George I of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1609-1643
Landgraves of
- Frederick I, third son of George I of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1622-1638
- William Christoph, 1638-1681, sold Homburg to his brother George Christian in 1669, but retained Bingenheim (Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg-Bingenheim)
- *Margareta Elisabetha of Leiningen-Westerburg-Schaumburg, Regent 1638-1648
- George Christian, 1669-1671 Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
- Under mortgage to two merchants (1671-1673) and the Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt (1673-1679)
- Frederick II, son of Fredrick I, 1679-1708, Commander general of the army of Brandenburg (The Prince of Homburg), redeemed Homburg in 1679, regained Bingenheim in 1681
- Frederick III Jacob, 1708-1746, Cavalry general in the Netherlands
- Frederick IV, 1746-1751
- Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, 1751 - 1806
- *Ulrike Louise von Solms-Braunfels, Regent 1751-1766
- 1806 Annexed by Hesse-Darmstadt, 1815 restored on the Congress of Vienna
- Frederick V, 1815 - 1820 (restored)
- Frederick VI, 1820-1829, Cavalry general in Austria
- Louis, 1829-1839, Infantry general in Prussia
- Philip, 1839-1846, Field marshall in Austria
- Gustav, 1846-1848, Cavalry general in Austria
- Ferdinand, 1484-1866, Cavalry general in Austria
- 1866 annexed by Prussia
Landgraves of Hesse-Braubach, 1625-1651
- John, son of Louis V, 1626 - 1651
Landgraves of Hesse-Itter, 1661-1676
- George III, second son of George II, 1661-1676
Electors of Hesse (-Kassel), 1803-1866
- William I, 1803-1806
- 1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored
- Philip the Younger, third son of Philip the Magnanimous, 1567-1583
- 1583 extinct and divided between Hesse-Kassel, Hesse-Marburg and Hesse-Darmstadt
Landgraves of
- George I, fourth son of Philip the Magnanimous, 1567-1596
- Louis V, 1596-1626
- George II, 1626-1661
- Louis VI, 1661-1678
- Louis VII, 1678
- Ernest Louis, 1678-1739
- Louis VIII, 1739-1768
- Louis IX 1768-1790
- Louis X 1790-1806, became Grand Duke Louis I
Landgraves of Hesse-Butzbach, 1609-1643
- Philip, second son of George I of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1609-1643
Landgraves of
- Frederick I, third son of George I of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1622-1638
- William Christoph, 1638-1681, sold Homburg to his brother George Christian in 1669, but retained Bingenheim (Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg-Bingenheim)
- *Margareta Elisabetha of Leiningen-Westerburg-Schaumburg, Regent 1638-1648
- George Christian, 1669-1671 Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
- Under mortgage to two merchants (1671-1673) and the Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt (1673-1679)
- Frederick II, son of Fredrick I, 1679-1708, Commander general of the army of Brandenburg (The Prince of Homburg), redeemed Homburg in 1679, regained Bingenheim in 1681
- Frederick III Jacob, 1708-1746, Cavalry general in the Netherlands
- Frederick IV, 1746-1751
- Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, 1751 - 1806
- *Ulrike Louise von Solms-Braunfels, Regent 1751-1766
- 1806 Annexed by Hesse-Darmstadt, 1815 restored on the Congress of Vienna
- Frederick V, 1815 - 1820 (restored)
- Frederick VI, 1820-1829, Cavalry general in Austria
- Louis, 1829-1839, Infantry general in Prussia
- Philip, 1839-1846, Field marshall in Austria
- Gustav, 1846-1848, Cavalry general in Austria
- Ferdinand, 1484-1866, Cavalry general in Austria
- 1866 annexed by Prussia
Landgraves of Hesse-Braubach, 1625-1651
- John, son of Louis V, 1626 - 1651
Landgraves of Hesse-Itter, 1661-1676
- George III, second son of George II, 1661-1676
Electors of Hesse (-Kassel), 1803-1866
- William I, 1803-1806
- 1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored
- Frederick I, third son of George I of Hesse-Darmstadt, 1622-1638
- William Christoph, 1638-1681, sold Homburg to his brother George Christian in 1669, but retained Bingenheim (Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg-Bingenheim)
- *Margareta Elisabetha of Leiningen-Westerburg-Schaumburg, Regent 1638-1648
- George Christian, 1669-1671 Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg
- Under mortgage to two merchants (1671-1673) and the Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt (1673-1679)
- Frederick II, son of Fredrick I, 1679-1708, Commander general of the army of Brandenburg (The Prince of Homburg), redeemed Homburg in 1679, regained Bingenheim in 1681
- Frederick III Jacob, 1708-1746, Cavalry general in the Netherlands
- Frederick IV, 1746-1751
- Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, 1751 - 1806
- *Ulrike Louise von Solms-Braunfels, Regent 1751-1766
- 1806 Annexed by Hesse-Darmstadt, 1815 restored on the Congress of Vienna
- Frederick V, 1815 - 1820 (restored)
- Frederick VI, 1820-1829, Cavalry general in Austria
- Louis, 1829-1839, Infantry general in Prussia
- Philip, 1839-1846, Field marshall in Austria
- Gustav, 1846-1848, Cavalry general in Austria
- Ferdinand, 1484-1866, Cavalry general in Austria
- 1866 annexed by Prussia
Landgraves of Hesse-Braubach, 1625-1651
- John, son of Louis V, 1626 - 1651
Landgraves of Hesse-Itter, 1661-1676
- George III, second son of George II, 1661-1676
Electors of Hesse (-Kassel), 1803-1866
- William I, 1803-1806
- 1806 annexed by the Kingdom of Westphalia, 1813 restored
Grand Dukes of Hesse (-Darmstadt) and the Rhine, 1806-1918
- Louis I 1806-1830
- Louis II 1830-1848
- Louis III 1848-1877
- Louis IV 1877-1892
- Ernest Louis 1892-1918
- 1918 abdicated as the revolution transformed Hesse into a Volkstaat (People's State)
Heads of the non-reigning House of Hesse
Line Hesse-Kassel (since 1866)
- Frederick William, the former Elector, 1866-1875
- Landgrave Frederick, 1875-1884, son of Prince William of Hesse-Kassel.
- Landgrave Frederick William, 1884-1888
- Landgrave Alexander Frederick, 1888-1925 (d.1945)
- Landgrave Frederick Charles, 1925-1940
- Landgrave Philip, 1940-1980
- Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse, 1980-present
rights to the Finnish throne
- Frederick Charles of Hesse, elected king 1918, renounced the same year, 1918-40
- Prince Wolfgang of Hesse 1940-89
- Prince Maurice of Hesse 1989-present (born 1926)
- heir-apparent: Prince Henry Donatus of Hesse (born 1966)
Line Hesse-Darmstadt (1918-1968)
- Ernest Louis, the former Grand Duke, 1918-1937
- George Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke 1937
- Louis, Prince 1937-1968
- 1968 the Line of Hesse-Darmstaft became extinct
External links
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