Rumbula

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The Holocaust
Early elements
Racial policy · Nazi eugenics · Nuremberg Laws Euthanasia · Concentration camps (List)
Jews
Nazi Germany, 1933 to 1939
Pogroms: Kristallnacht, Iaşi, Jedwabne, Lwów
Ghettos: Warsaw, Łódź, Lwów, Kraków, Theresienstadt
Einsatzgruppen: Babi Yar, Rumbula, Paneriai, Odessa massacre
Final Solution: Wannsee Conference Aktion Reinhard
Death camps: Chełmno, Belzec, Sobibór, Majdanek, Treblinka, Auschwitz, Jasenovac
Resistance: Jewish partisans, Ghetto uprisings (Warsaw)
End of war: Death marches · Berihah · DP
Other victims
Generalplan Ost>East Slavs · Poles · Serbs · Romany Gay men · Jehovah's Witnesses Freemasons
Responsible parties
Nazi Germany: Hitler, Heydrich, Eichmann, Himmler, SS, Gestapo, SA
Nazi collaborators
Nuremberg Trials, Other trials, Denazification
Survivors, victims, and rescuers
Rescuers · Victims · Survivors
Resources
The Destruction of the European Jews Phases of the Holocaust Functionalism vs intentionalism
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Rumbula Forest is a pine forest enclave in Riga, Latvia, in which Jews were massacred during the Holocaust.

On two days, November 30, 1941 and December 8, 1941, 25,000 Jews were murdered in Rumbula Forest. Of them, 24,000 were Latvian Jews from the Riga Ghetto and 1,000 were German Jews transported to the forest by freight train. The systematic mass murder was carried out by the Nazi Einsatzgruppen with the help of Arājs commando, with support from other Latvian police units.

These tens of thousands of Jews were ordered to disrobe in freezing weather to be shot in the back of the head at close range in pits that were mass graves. Two women survived. One of them, Frida Michelson, took advantage of a distraction and fell into the pit, feigning death among the dead bodies. She survived the war to write the book I Survived Rumbula, later translated into English and published by the US Holocaust Memorial Museum.

During the Holocaust, 90% of Latvia's Jews were murdered at Rumbula, Liepaja (Libau) and other locations. When the war turned against Germany, the bodies at the Rumbula Forest site were ordered dug up and burned. The site has been marked by a series of makeshift memorials over the years. A moving Rumbula memorial was dedicated in November 2002, 61 years after the killings.

See also

• Simon Dubnow, a noted Jewish historian, among the victims massacred at Rumbula on December 8, 1941.

External links

• [The Holocaust in German-Occupied Latvia]
• [Jewish Riga]
• [The Holocaust in Latvia and Latvia's Jews Yesterday and Today]
• * [Remembering Rumbula]
• * [Liepaja Holocaust]
• * [Riga Ghetto]

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