Rump state

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A rump state is the remnant of a once-larger government, left with limited powers or authority after a disaster, invasion or military occupation.

For example, the Seleucid Empire, which once controlled most of the Middle-east, was reduced drastically in size by the rise of the Parthian Empire in its eastern provinces due to a local rebellion. What was left of the once large empire was a rump state composed of little more than Antioch, Damascus, and an area roughly equal in size to modern Syria.

Some other examples include:

Contents

0.1 Ancient
0.2 Medieval
0.3 Early Modern
0.4 World War I
0.5 World War II
0.6 Later 20th century

Ancient

Biblical Israel after the conquest of the northern Kingdom by the Assyrians in 722BC.
Athens after the Peloponnesian War.
Carthage after the 2nd Punic War.
The Seleucid Empire after the rise of Parthia.
Macedon after the Wars with Rome.
The Western Roman Empire and its various territories after the barbarian invasions (5th century).
The Eastern Roman Empire/Byzantine Empire after the Arab invasions (8th century).

Medieval

France during the Hundred Years War.
The Abbasid Caliphate in the 11th century.
The Kingdom of Jerusalem after the Third Crusade.
The Byzantine Empire after the Fourth Crusade as the Empire of Nicaea (also Empire of Trebizond and Despotate of Epirus).
The Sultanate of Delhi after the invasions of Tamerlane.
The Byzantine Empire in the 15th century, after the Ottoman invasions.

Early Modern

The Nasrid Kingdom of Granada in the 14th and 15th centuries.
Mongolia after the rise of the Qing.
The Mughal Empire in the 18th century.
Poland after the 2nd partition in 1793.
The Netherlands and Prussia under Napoleonic occupation.
The Kingdom of Saxony after the Congress of Vienna.
The Papal States and Vatican City after the Unification of Italy.

World War I

The dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire into Austria and Hungary.
The Ottoman Empire as envisioned by the Treaty of Sevres.

World War II

Czechoslovakia after the German annexation of the Sudetenland.
Vichy France after the French surrender in 1940 during World War II.
Serbia after the temporary dissolution of Yugoslavia during World War II.
Greece under Axis occupation during World War II.

Later 20th century

Republic of China after the Chinese Civil War.
Palestine after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and the Six Days War.
Serbia as the successor of Yugoslavia following its dissolution.

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