SCORM
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Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) is a collection of standards and specifications for web-based e-learning. It defines communications between client side content and a host system called the run-time environment (commonly a function of a learning management system). SCORM also defines how content may be packaged into a transferrable ZIP file.
SCORM is a specification of the [Advanced Distributed Learning] (ADL) Initiative, which comes out of the Office of the Secretary of Defense.
SCORM 2004 introduces a complex idea called sequencing, which are rules that specify the order in which a learner may experience content objects. The standard uses XML, and it is based on the results of work done by AICC, [IMS], IEEE, and Ariadne.
Conformance
A testing initiative was started in 2003. In December 2004, the US Department of Defense mandated that all its e-learning purchases must conform to SCORM standards. By August 2005, ADL had validated 178 SCORM-conformant products.SCORM versions
SCORM 1.0
The original version. Proof of concept only. Introduced the notion of Sharable Content Object (SCO) and the API model in which the burden of managing communication latency across the Internet is handled by the runtime environment, not by the content objects.SCORM 1.1
The first production version. Used a Course Structure Format XML file based on the AICC specifications to describe content structure, but lacked a robust packaging manifest and support for metadata. Quickly abandoned in favor of SCORM 1.2.SCORM 1.2
The first version with a real conformance test in the form of a test suite. Uses IMS Content Packaging specification with full content manifest and support for metadata describing the course. Also allows optional detailed metadata tagging of the content objects and assets described in the manifest. Usually works well; both the delivery system and content pass the test suite without cheating, but lacks sequencing and some other desirable features. No longer maintained or supported by ADL.SCORM 2004
The current version. Based on new IEEE standards for API and content object-to-runtime environment communication, with many ambiguities of previous versions resolved. Includes ability to specify adaptive sequencing of activities that use the content objects. Includes ability to share and use information about success status for multiple learning objectives or competencies across content objects and across courses for the same learner within the same learning management system. A more robust test suite helps ensure good interoperability.See also
- Computer aided instruction
- Learning management system
- Educational technology
- Advanced Distributed Learning
External links
Resources- [Official ADL web site. Current SCORM specs, user forums, etc.]
- [ADL SCORM overview]
- [A little more detail with good visual aids]
- [IMS Global Learning Consortium: Specifications]
- [Directory of SCORM software products, services, and resources]
ADL Co-Lab Network
- [Joint Advanced Distributed Learning Co-Laboratory: Supports the integration of training and technology for the DoD]
- [Workforce Advanced Distributed Learning Co-Laboratory: Facilitation of SCORM Implimentation In Industry]
- [Academic Advanced Distributed Learning Co-Laboratory: Supports the evaluation and testing of ADL tools to enhance Academia]
- [United Kingdom Advanced Distributed Learning Partnership Laboratory: This UK Partnership Lab promotes the development and acceptance of global e-learning standards]
- [Canada Advanced Distributed Learning Partnership Laboratory: Support ADL implementation with the Canadian DND]
- [Advanced Distributed Learning Technical Center: Collaborates with all the ADL Co-Labs to develop and validate ADL concepts, technologies and utilities (see CTC)]
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