SNOMED CT
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SNOMED CT (Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms) is a standardized healthcare terminology including comprehensive coverage of disease, clinical findings, therapies, procedures and outcomes. Global in scope, yet adaptable for national purposes, SNOMED CT provides a common language enabling a consistent way of capturing, sharing and aggregating health data across clinical specialties and sites of care. The reason it exists is to establish scientifically validated clinical health care terminology and an infrastructure to make that information more usable and accessible. Among the applications for SNOMED CT are electronic medical records, ICU monitoring, clinical decision support, medical research studies, clinical trials, computerized physician order entry, disease surveillance, image indexing and consumer health information services. The goal of this standard is to facilitate a standard language for clinical information systems, thus streamlining information sharing. Implementation of a standard clinical terminology will aid in the implementation and conversion to new healthcare technologies.
Internationally recognized SNOMED CT is supported and maintained by a Standards Development Organization (SDO) made up by the Division of the College of American Pathologists (CAP)[link] and NHS Connecting for Health[link], an Executive Agency of the Department of Health in England. The CAP is a not-for-profit medical society serving nearly 16,000 physician members and the laboratory community throughout the world. It is the worlds largest association composed exclusively of pathologist and is considered the leader in laboratory quality assurance. SNOMED International[link] is a division of CAP. Furthering the development and use of SNOMED CT the SDO was created to facilitate worldwide implementation of the standard.
SNOMED International [link] maintains the SNOMED CT Technical division, the core content architecture, and the SNOMED CT Core content that includes the concepts table, the descriptions table, the relationship table (hierarchical and other semantic), a history table, ICD mappings, and related technical documentation. Although comprehensive on its own, SNOMED CT cross maps to other medial classifications already in use such as ICD-9-CM, ICD-03, ICD-10, Laboratory LOINC and OPCS-4. This avoids duplicate data capture, file facilitation, enhanced health report, billing and statistic analysis. In addition, SNOMED CT is aligned with numerous key healthcare standards, including HL7, DICOM, ANSI and ISO. SNOMED CT has more than 957,000 English language descriptions or synonyms that offer flexibility in expressing clinical concepts, enabling clinicians to say things in multiple ways and still be understood. In addition English, Spanish, and German language editions are available.
All oral pharmaceutical agents in the Pharmaceutical/Biologic product hierarchy are now identified with the has_dose_form attribute describing the specific type of manufactured oral dose form, such as capsules, tablets, solutions and suspensions. Each Virtual Therapeutic Moiety (VTM) and Virtual Medicinal Product (VMP) from the Pharmaceutical/Biologic product hierarchy are identified using two SNOMED CT Subsets that clearly identify them in the SNOMED CT core. These new subsets will facilitate the implementation of pharmacy terminology and the development of additional drug extensions beyond the United States and the United Kingdom. In collaboration the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation and the anesthesia content will be updated with adverse anesthesia outcomes concepts. The ICD-9-CM - Epidemiological/ Statistical M SNOMED CT is a Web-based system where an environment to suggest and monitor changes, additions, or deletions to the core terminology or any SNOMED compatible work with online tracking capability (in pilot) is provided. In addition a developers toolkit exists to provide access to indexes, tables and subsets to streamline the development process.
SNOMED CT offers training and terminology services and technical implementation guide. Training is designed for software suppliers, knowledge base developers, sales teams, implementation support staff, physicians, and other clinician end users to empower development and deployment of SNOMED. Programs are offered at SNOMED headquarters, on CD ROM, or at a location of your choice. Terminology Services include Users’ Guide resource for the end user that describes the inner workings of SNOMED CT, its design and contents without all the technical detail, which is covered by the Technical Implementation Guide. The Technical Guide is a how-to handbook for incorporating SNOMED CT into software applications mapping is updated with approximately 500 concepts from the clinical finding hierarchy.
The product that CAP has created is called SNOMED CT ® and can be accessed free of charge through the [[National Library of Medicines (NLM)[link] Unified Medical Language System ® (UMLS®) Methathersaruus®.
Facilitating the use of the language CAP licensed the mappings from SNOMED CT and NANDA International [link] to the NLM [link] . NANDA International is a member driven, grassroots organization committed to the development of nursing diagnostic terminology. The release of this information will broaden nurse’s access to the terminologies necessary to uniformly document nursing diagnoses, treatment and outcomes within electronic health records.
The SNOMED CT Core terminology contains over 366,170 health care concepts with unique meanings and formal logic-based definitions organized into hierarchies. As of July 2005, the fully populated table with unique descriptions for each concept contains more than 993,420 descriptions. Approximately 1.46 million semantic relationships exist to enable reliability and consistency of data retrieval. It is available in English and Spanish language editions and considered to be the most comprehensive multilingual clinical healthcare terminology available in the world.
External links
SNOMED International[link]National Library of Medicine SNOMED[link]
NHS Connecting for Health [link]
Division of the College of American Pathologist [link]
National Library of Medicine [link]
NANDA International [link]
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