Sash window
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A sash window is a style of window in which panes are separated by a narrow bar or sash. Although formally any window with this style of glazing is technically "a sash", the term is used almost exclusively to refer to windows where the glazed panels are opened by sliding vertically or, occasionally, horizontally, in a style known as a Yorkshire sash. Sash windows are common in the United Kingdom and former colonies including the United States.
The sash window is often found in Georgian and Victorian houses, and the classic arrangement has three panes across by two up on each of two sashes, giving a 3x4 pane window, although this is by no means a fixed rule.
Sash window frames are of hollow box construction, to accommodate the sash weights, and the panes are situated inside the frame, retained by beads or a type of rope called "sash cord". To facilitate operation the weight of the glazed panel is usually counterbalanced by a weight concealed within the window frame, which is connected to the window by a sash cord or chain which runs over a pulley at the top of the frame, although spring balances are sometimes used. Sash windows may be fitted with simplex hinges which allow the window to be locked into hinges on one side while the counterbalance on the other site is detached, allowing the window to be opened for escape or cleaning.
Construction is usually of softwood, and units are generally single glazed; although double-glazed sashes are available it is more common for single-glazed sash windows to be replaced with top-hung casements when double glazing is retro-fitted. Some top-hung double-glazed units are manufactured to give the appearance of sashes.
Traditional problems with wooden sash windows include rot, swelling or distortion of the woodwork, rattling in the wind (due to shrinkage of the wood), and problems brought on by careless application of paint. The sliding mechanism makes sash windows more vulnerable to these issues than traditional casement windows. Sash windows are relatively high maintenance, but offer advantages in return (looks, abides by laws (relating to older houses and buildings), natural resources etc). It is also possible to clean all the glass while remaining inside the house by sliding the two panes to different positions.
Sash windows are sometimes referred to as Double Hung windows, this term is mainly used in the USA. A Single Hung Window is similar, the difference being that one of the two sashes(normally the top) is fixed and therefore only one part slides.
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