Scombridae
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Scombridae is the family of the mackerels, tunas, and bonitos, and thus includes many of the most important and familiar food fishes. The family consists of about 55 species in 15 genera.
Scombrids have two dorsal fins, each of which can be depressed into grooves in the back, and a series of finlets between the rear dorsal fin and anal fin and the tail. The base of the tail is slender, and the caudal fin strongly divided. Species sizes vary by an order of magnitude, from the 20 cm of the island mackerel to the immense 458 cm recorded for the northern bluefin tuna.
Scombrids are generally predators of the open ocean, and capable of considerable speed.
Some members of the family, in particular the tunas, are notable for being endothermic (warm-blooded).
Classification
Jordan, Evermann and Clark (1930) divide these fishes into the four families Cybiidae, Katsuwonidae, Scombridae, and Thunnidae, but this article follows FishBase in placing them in the single family Scombridae.["Scombridae"]. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. January 2006 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2006.There are about fifty species in 14 genera:
- Genus Acanthocybium
- * Wahoo, Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832).
- Genus Allothunnus
- * Slender tuna, Allothunnus fallai Serventy, 1948.
- Genus Auxis
- * Auxis rochei eudorax Collette & Aadland, 1996
- * Bullet tuna, Auxis rochei rochei (Rafinesque, 1810)
- * Auxis thazard brachydorax Collette & Aadland, 1996
- * Frigate tuna, Auxis thazard thazard (Lacepède, 1800)
- Genus Cybiosarda
- * Leaping bonito, Cybiosarda elegans (Whitley, 1935).
- Genus Euthynnus
- * Kawakawa, Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849).
- * Little tunny, Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810).
- * Black skipjack, Euthynnus lineatus Kishinouye, 1920.
- Genus Gasterochisma
- * Butterfly kingfish, Gasterochisma melampus Richardson, 1845.
- Genus Grammatorcynus
- * Shark mackerel, Grammatorcynus bicarinatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825).
- * Double-lined mackerel, Grammatorcynus bilineatus (Rüppell, 1836).
- Genus Gymnosarda
- * Dogtooth tuna, Gymnosarda unicolor (Rüppell, 1836).
- Genus Katsuwonus
- * Skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758).
- Genus Orcynopsis
- * Plain bonito, Orcynopsis unicolor (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817).
- Genus Rastrelliger
- * Short mackerel, Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851).
- * Island mackerel, Rastrelliger faughni Matsui, 1967.
- * Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816).
- Genus Sarda
- * Australian bonito, Sarda australis (Macleay, 1881).
- * Eastern Pacific bonito, Sarda chiliensis chiliensis (Cuvier, 1832).
- * Pacific bonito, Sarda chiliensis lineolata (Girard, 1858).
- * Striped bonito, Sarda orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844).
- * Atlantic bonito, Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793).
- Genus Scomber
- * Blue mackerel, Scomber australasicus Cuvier, 1832.
- * Atlantic chub mackerel, Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789.
- * Chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782.
- * Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758.
- Genus Scomberomorus
- * Serra Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus brasiliensis Collette, Russo & Zavala-Camin, 1978.
- * King mackerel, Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier, 1829).
- * Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson (Lacépède, 1800).
- * Monterey Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus concolor (Lockington, 1879).
- * Indo-Pacific king mackerel, Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801).
- * Korean seerfish, Scomberomorus koreanus (Kishinouye, 1915).
- * Streaked seerfish, Scomberomorus lineolatus (Cuvier, 1829).
- * Atlantic Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus maculatus (Couch, 1832).
- * Papuan seerfish, Scomberomorus multiradiatus Munro, 1964.
- * Australian spotted mackerel, Scomberomorus munroi Collette & Russo, 1980.
- * Japanese Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier, 1832).
- * Kanadi kingfish, Scomberomorus plurilineatus Fourmanoir, 1966.
- * Queensland school mackerel, Scomberomorus queenslandicus Munro, 1943.
- * Cero, Scomberomorus regalis (Bloch, 1793).
- * Broadbarred king mackerel, Scomberomorus semifasciatus (Macleay, 1883).
- * Pacific sierra, Scomberomorus sierra Jordan & Starks, 1895.
- * Chinese seerfish, Scomberomorus sinensis (Lacépède, 1800).
- * West African Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus tritor (Cuvier, 1832).
- Genus Thunnus
- * Albacore, Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788).
- * Yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788).
- * Blackfin tuna, Thunnus atlanticus (Lesson, 1831).
- * Southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii (Castelnau, 1872).
- * Bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839).
- * Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844).
- * Northern bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758).
- * Longtail tuna, Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker, 1851).
References
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