Sequenza XI

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Sequenza XI for solo Guitar (1987-1988) is one of a series of Sequenzas by Luciano Berio. It is an innovative investigation into the dramatic and virtuosic possibilities of musical performance. His interest in the capabilities, techniques and history of the solo instrument is obvious as is his love of performance elements including the tuning of the instrument, ambience, atmosphere, background noise and audience sound. The work carries a simple form, with a dramatic multitextural section leading into a calm resolution (if such a thing exists in Berio's music) at the end. The guitar sequenza is also one of the longest sequenzas, the longest being of course the Bassoon Sequenza. A variety of guitar techniques are explored in this piece including rasqueado (from the flamenco tradition), tremolo, glissando, harmonics, tambour (percussive effects). In terms of harmony, the work is based on the guitar's characteristic harmony/tuning ie. the interval of an augmented 4th. This is negated at the end of the work by a tritone which is characteristic of post-modernist composers including Ligeti, John Cage, Philip Glass and Steve Reich.

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