Serval
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The Serval (Leptailurus serval, sometimes Felis serval) is a medium-sized African wild cat: length 85 cm, plus 40 cm tail. It is a slender animal, with long legs and a fairly short tail. The tall, oval ears are set close together. The pattern of the fur is variable. Usually, servals are boldly spotted black on tawny. The "Servaline" form has much smaller, freckled spots. In addition melanistic servals are known to exist (see black panther). White servals are white with silvery grey spots and have only occurred in captivity.
This cat is quite common in Africa. Its main habitat is the savanna, although melanistic individuals are more usually found in mountainous areas. Servals need watercourses within their territory, so they do not live in semi-deserts or dry steppes. They are able to climb and swim, but they seldom do so.
The serval preys on rodents, hares, hyraxes, small antelopes and birds. The litter consists of two or three young (called cubs or kittens), sometimes as few as one or as many as five. They are raised in sheltered locations like abandoned aardvark burrows. If such an ideal location is not available, a place behind a shrub may be sufficient.
Servals are sometimes preyed upon by leopards. More dangerous for this cat are humans. Servals were extensively hunted for their fur. They are still common in West and East Africa, but they are extinct in the South African Cape Province and very rare north of the Sahara.
Though they are not domesticated animals, servals are sometimes kept as pets (particularly in the United States). Some say that wild animals such as servals are not suited as pets and should only be owned by an experienced person. In many countries, a special wild animal licence is required in order to keep servals. Those with experience of pet servals report them to form a strong bond with humans and to be non-aggressive towards their owners and more intelligent and active than domestic cats. Male servals have been bred to domestic cats to produce hybrids. This cross is the basis of the Savannah cat breed. Servals have also been hybridised with caracals (their closest relatives) to produce servicals and caravals.
Additionally, the Serengeti Cat is a breed being developed with the aim of producing a wild-looking domestic cat, similar in appearance to a serval in many respects, but utilizing only domestic breeds and not actually incorporating any genetic contribution from the Serval.
Subspecies
- Leptailurus serval serval, Cape Province
- Leptailurus serval beirae, Mozambique
- Leptailurus serval brachyura, West Africa, Sahel, Ethiopia
- Leptailurus serval constantina, Algeria (endangered)
- Leptailurus serval hamiltoni, eastern Transvaal
- Leptailurus serval hindeio, Tanzania
- Leptailurus serval ingridi, Namibia, southern Botswana, Zimbabwe
- Leptailurus serval kempi, Uganda
- Leptailurus serval kivuensis, Congo
- Leptailurus serval liposticta, northern Angola
- Leptailurus serval lonnbergi, southern Angola
- Leptailurus serval mababiensis, northern Botswana
- Leptailurus serval robertsi, western Transvaal
- Leptailurus serval togoensis, Togo, Benin
Heraldry and literature
The serval (Italian gattopardo) was the symbol of the Tomasi family, princes of Lampedusa, whose best-known member was Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, author one of the most famous Italian novels of the twentieth century, Il Gattopardo.References
- Cat Specialist Group (2002). [Leptailurus serval]. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 12 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
External links
- [serval-cats.com] - pictures, breeders, some information
- [world conservation union site] - detailed information
- [cat survival trust] - basic information, some graphics
- [big cats online] - short write-up
- [Sierra Safari Zoo] - some general information, zoo-specific details
- [Pets4You.com] - serval kittens for sale
- [servals.org] - information about care and placement
- [ExoticCatz.com - Servals as Pets] - care and feeding, many articles and photos
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