Sidney Faithorn Green
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Rev. Sidney Faithorn Green (fl. 1865 - 1882) was a British clergyman who found himself imprisoned for three years for liturgical practice, contrary to the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874.
Background
Green was ordained a priest of the Church of England in 1865. He was a follower of the Oxford Movement who celebrated the Eucharist in the style of Anglo-Catholicism, see Anglican Eucharistic theology.Timeline of imprisonment
- June 1869: Green is appointed incumbent of St. John's, Miles Platting, Manchester.
- January 1871: Green is admonished by Bishop of Manchester James Fraser for mixing water with wine in the service of Holy Communion. Green agrees to abandon the practice.
- 1874: Green nominates Rev. Harry Cowgill as his curate but Fraser refuses to approve the nomination on the grounds of Cowgill's avowed refusal to accept the authority of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in church matters.
- May 1877, Fraser learns that Green is using incense and unlawful vestments, perceived as trappings of Anglo-Catholicism, in his services. Green is again admonished and agrees to abandon the practice.
- May 18, 1878: Fraser receives a petition purporting to be from 320 of Green's parishioners accusing him of propagation of false doctrine and deadly error.
- May 20, 1878: Fraser responds coolly, pointing out the vagueness of the accusations and the similarity of the handwriting in many of the "signatures".
- December 2, 1878: The Church Association takes up the case and Fraser receives a "presentation" against Green charging, contrary to the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874:
- #The mixing of wine and water.
- #Lighted candles.
- #Unlawful vestments.
- #Kneeling during the prayer of consecration.
- #Elevating the paten and chalice.
- #Placing the alms on the credence instead of allowing them to lie on the Holy Table.
- #Using the sign of the cross towards the congregation.
- #Performing the consecration in such a manner that the congregation could not see him break the bread or take the chalice in his hand.
- #Unlawfully and ceremoniously raising the chalice.
- #Unlawfully displaying a large brass cross.
- #Displaying a baldacchino.
- December 3, 1878: At an interview with Fraser, Green declines to submit to his authority on liturgical matters as I should deny my Lord and imperil (peril?) my own salvation. Fraser declines to invoke his discretion to stay proceedings under the Act.
- December 23, 1878: Fraser receives a petition supporting Green but is unimpressed by the standing of the signatories.
- June 14, 1879: The case is tried before James Plaisted Wilde, Baron Penzance who upholds the charges.
- August 9, 1879: A monition is issued to Green prohibiting the practices complained of. Green persists and an order is made inhibiting him from exercising the cure of souls. Green persists and is held to be in contempt of court.
- November 25, 1879: Lord Penzance issues a significavit to the Court of Chancery of the county palatine of Lancaster notifying Green's contempt.
- March 9, 1880: The court issues the writ de contumace capiendo.
- March 19, 1880: Green is arrested and held in Lancaster Castle. Cowgill, without the bishop's license, takes Green's place at Miles Platting but Fraser takes no action for fear of inflaming the situation.
- July 24, 1880: An application is made to Lord Penzance for a ruling that Green is in contempt for non-payment of costs of £293 7s 8d.
- October 22, 1880: An order for the sequestration of his property is served on Green.
- March, 1881: An application is made to the Lord Chancellor, Roundell Palmer, 1st Earl of Selborne, to take possession of Green's effects. The application is opposed.
- April 2, 1881: The application is heard but Selborne defers his decision because of an impending challenge to the Queen's Bench related to Lord Penzance's action.
- April 6, 1881: An application for a writ of habeas corpus is dismissed by the Queen's Bench.
- April 12, 1881: An appeal is dismissed by Lords Brett and Cotton.
- May 7, 1881: Selborne denounces the costs awarded against Green as a great scandal.
- May 20, 1881: Selborne reluctantly orders the sale of Green's effects.
- May 21, 1881: The English Church Union obtain a legal opinion from Sir John Holker and E. Vaughan Williams favouring an appeal by Green and implore him to do so.
- August 3-4, 1881: An appeal to the House of Lords is heard by Selborne, Lord Blackburn and Lord Watson. It is dismissed.
- August 4, 1881: Green's effects are sold to defray the costs of the Church Association.
- September 21, 1881: Fraser finally obtains an, at least nominal, undertaking from Green to obey his bishop's direction. Fraser writes to prime minister William Ewart Gladstone requesting that he petition Queen Victoria to exercise her Royal Prerogative to pardon Green. The case is forwarded to the Lord Chancellor, Roundell Palmer, 1st Earl of Selborne, and Home Secretary, Sir William Vernon Harcourt.
- October 25, 1881: Green writes to Fraser emphasising that his submission to epispocal authority will not extend to disobedience to his conscience in liturgical matters.
- October 31, 1881: Fraser writes to Gladstone to withdraw his petition for a pardon.
- January, 1882: A Mr. Leeds starts to assist Cowgill, who is suffering from anxiety and fatigue, at Miles Platting. Fraser takes no action despite Leeds' unlicensed status.
- August, 1882: Selborne writes to Fraser to advise him that, three years having elapsed since the inhibition, Green's living at Miles Platting has lapsed under the Act. Green's detention now seems to serve little purpose but he was imprisoned for contempt and there is no trivial remedy. It seems unlikely that either Green or the Church Association will apply to the court for release but Fraser has no locus standi.
- October 17, 1882: Fraser writes to Selborne advising him that Green is being guided by the English Church Union who regard deprivation of living under the Act with no greater gravity than any of its other provisions.
- October 20, 1882: Fraser consults with his Chancellor, Richard Copley Christie, and writes to Selborne advising him of his resolve to free Green depite his fears for the consequences.
- November 4, 1882: Fraser applies to Penzance for Green's release. The motion is unopposed, succeeds and Green is released that day. Green resigns his living in an attempt to deny the state's sequestration of his office. However, sequestration is already complete and Rev. W.R. Pym has been appointed as locum.
Bibliography
- Bentley, J. (1987) Ritualism and Politics in Victorian Britain: The Attempt to Legislate for Belief ISBN 0198267142
- Diggle, J.W. (1890) The Lancashire Life of Bishop Fraser, pp398-419
External links
- [The History of the English Church Union 1859-1894], Rev. G. Bayfield Roberts (1895).
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