Sp² bond

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Notice: For a full understanding of this article, it is important to read and understand the article on orbital hybridization.

An sp² bond is any bond which involves an sp² orbital. sp² orbitals are the result of the hybridization of an s orbital with two p orbitals, to produce 3 sp² hybrids. While nearly any atom can make an sp² hybridized orbital, the most common example is carbon due to the large number of alkenes that exist. However, the concept can be applied to any atom which forms at least three or more bonds.

sp² hybridization most commonly occurs in cases where a double bond is going to be formed (as stated above, alkenes are the most frequent example). Because hybridized orbitals only create σ bonds a p-type orbital is used for the π bond. sp² hybridization also occurs in graphite.

The geometry of an sp² hybridized atom is trigonal planar, akin to the shape of an equilateral triangle. All three groups that occupy hybridized orbitals lie in the same plane, with all octet rule following atoms having a p-type orbital perpendicular to the plane.

Sp² bond

See also