About Opentopia
Opentopia Directory Encyclopedia Tools

Spiritual possession

Encyclopedia : S : SP : SPI : Spiritual possession

  1. redirect
Spiritual possession is the concept that gods, daemons, demons, animas, or other disincarnate entities may temporarily take control of a human body, resulting in noticeable changes in behaviour. The concept of spiritual possession exists in many contemporary religions and can also be seen in the mythology and folklore of many cultures.

While not all belief systems consider spirits to be purely good or evil, the term demonic possession is commonly used when the spirit is perceived as malignant (a demon), whereas incorporation or channelling may be used in the case of benign spirits. Other terms applied to spiritual possession include drawing down the moon, assuming the godform, invocation, being ridden, being tied down, Get Happy, Baptism with the Holy Spirit.

Channelling is the claimed receipt of information or commands by a person functioning as a medium or channel for a spirit or other source. This often involves a séance. Some forms of channeling appear to involve spiritual possession, as the medium's voice or body may appear to be under the direct control of the channelled spiritual being, but some maintain that channeling and possession are distinct.

The concept is quite old and widespread in the history of religion. The concept was popularised in the West by Helena Blavatsky the founder of theosophy. The claim is also made by many other Spiritualist religions, such as Kardecism.

According to the religious scholar Wouter J. Hanegraaff, the difference between channeling and spiritism is that the first conveys extensive philosophical and religious messages and belief systems, not just short messages from the deceased or other entities.

Brazilian psychic surgeons, such as José Arigó, claim to work as channels for deceased surgeons.

Contents

Religious and Scientific views

Some religions — in particular, most Abrahamic religions — do not admit the existence of beneficial spiritual possessions; so, if they admit the concept at all, they automatically consider any spiritual possession as malign. Many of those religions, most notably Roman Catholicism, have ritual practices to drive out (exorcize) such evil spirits.

Charismatic Christianity includes a tradition of individuals being 'blessed' by the Holy Spirit - either Speaking in tongues, or experiencing some other manifestation - but this is not traditionally considered possession by those who adhere to these beliefs.

Many other creeds, including Shamanism and many African and Afro-American religions, teach that spiritual possession may be benign as well as malign, and their rituals often include incorporation: either of spiritual deities, such as the lwa of Vodou, the Orisha of the Yoruba, or of the ghosts of deceased people, as in Kardecism. Depending on the religion, the person who is possessed may be a priest, or a specially gifted medium, or a lay member.

The existence of spiritual possession has not been scientifically proven. However, psychologists acknowledge that occosionally, an individual exhibits behaviors that are consistent with possession as it is understood by the individual or the individual's religious tradition. Believers hold that these cases provide evidence of spiritual possession, but most psychologists dismiss these claims as anecdotal evidence and suggest that there are other possible explanations for these cases, including delusion and malingering.

Some cases of demonic possession may also be explainable by purely psychological or social causes, e.g. hysteria — roughly, a grown-up version of children tantrums. In fact this explanation was liberally mis-applied since the 19th century. In the past, demonic possession may also have been alleged (by the subject or by others) for the purpose of excusing behavior which would otherwise be severely punished — not unlike a defendant falsely claiming temporary insanity in today's court of law.

Incarnations are often feigned by dishonest priests and mediums for fraudulent puposes, e.g. by pretending to communicate with someone's deceased relatives in exchange for payment of "donations". The famous U.S. escape artist Houdini was instrumental in exposing several such frauds in the 1920s.

Historical cases

The Salem witch trials (1692) followed a notable string of cases of alleged demonic possession.

Books

For a very interesting introduction to this topic, one may wish to read the last chapter of the famous author Michael Chrichton's autobiography, "Travels." This chapter details the exorcism, by a hypnotherapist, of the 4 dark spirit attachments that he had or has.

THE best non-religious book on the topic of spirit possession, is written by the psychiatrist Shakuntala Modi, M.D., and is entitled "Remarkable Healings: A Psychiatrist Discovers Unsuspected Roots of Mental and Physical Illness."

For a non-religious historical perspective on this topic, one will need to read the psychatrist Hans. Naegeli-Osjord, M. D.'s book "Possession & Exorcism." His book covers (some of) the history of both negative and positive possessions.

For a fairly comprehensive listing of books on this topic, written by mental health professionals, you may wish to check out my page on books on this topic at http://home.earthlink.net/~mike.beaver/attach.htm. This page does NOT cover many of the religiously oriented books on the topic. But it is as good a reference for books on this topic as you will find any place on the web.

In (1969) by Arthur Ford, he describes séances he conducted for several different groups of people. He sat in a chair or laid down to enter a trance. He claimed a spirit man known as Fletcher spoke through him. Those for whom the séance was conducted would typically ask Fletcher to put them into contact with departed loved ones or perhaps famous people. (Interestingly, the chapter, "The Sun Myung Moon Sittings", was removed from the book in editions printed after Rev. Moon gained notoriety. The séances conducted for Rev. Moon and his disciples included strong testimonies from several spirit men, including Fletcher himself, all but averring that Rev. Moon was the Messiah.)

In The Coming of Seth (1966) New Age spiritual medium Jane Roberts describes extra-sensory perception experiments and the beginnings of her experiences speaking for Seth.

Opening to Channel: How to Connect with your Guide (1987) by Sanaya Roman and Duane Packer describes how to channel a spirit guide.

Several notable books describe entering a trance state to allow a dead or other-dimensional being to speak through them. It's claimed that a guide conveys messages from other spirit men to listeners (see séance), in which case two intermediaries are needed, one on each side of the heavenly divide for a conversation between a living person and a dead one.

In fiction

Spiritual possession, especially malign, has been a favorite theme of fictional works, especially in horror novels and films. The novel and film The Exorcist may be the best-known examples of the latter. A version of benign possession is Deadman, a ghostly superhero who uses his possession ability in the cause of justice. Similarly, the animated hero Danny Phantom (half-ghost) and other ghosts in the series can 'overshadow' human beings, so-called presumably to avoid sounding occultic.

Spiritual possession, though not necessarily malign, also appears as a secondary theme in The Dune Chronicles, a series of novels written by Frank Herbert. The video game Geist's primary game mechanic revolves around possessing people, animals and objects in order to progress.

In fantasy literature, the term channelling is sometimes used in other ways, particularly to describe a person's ability to draw on some form of magical power. For example, the Wheel of Time series uses the term extensively (although it is by no means the only work to do so).

See also

Related ideas:

References

External links

 

From Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Original article here. Support Wikipedia by contributing or donating.
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License See Wikipedia Copyrights for details.

Search Titles
0123456789
ABCDEFGHIJ
KLMNOPQRST
UVWXYZ?

E-mail this article to:

Personal Message: