Spruce Grouse

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The Spruce Grouse, Falcipennis canadensis, is a medium-sized grouse.

Adults have a long square black tail, brown at the end. Adult males are mainly grey with a black breast with white bars, a black throat and a red patch over the eye. Adult females are mottled brown with dark and white bars on the underparts. The Franklin's Grouse subspecies, F. c. franklinii, lacks the brown ends on the tail.

Their breeding habitat is conifer forests across Alaska and Canada. They nest on the ground in dense growth.

They are permanent residents. Some move short distances by foot to a different location for winter.

These birds forage on the ground or in trees in winter. The caeca, digestive sacs in the intestines, increase in size to support this bird's winter diet of conifer needles. In summer, they also eat berries, green plants, and some insects.

They will often remain still even if approached within a few feet. Except for the winter months, during which they become very skittish because they are not camouflaged, they take flight when approached within 20-150 feet. Male on territory drums by flapping wings.

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