Sremska Mitrovica
Encyclopedia : S : SR : SRE : Sremska Mitrovica
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| Location in Serbia | |||
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| General Information | |||
| Mayor or municipality president | Zoran Miščević | ||
| Area>Land area | ? | ||
| Population || ?
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| Area code|| +381 22
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| Subdivisions|| 26 settlements in the municipality
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| License plate code|| SM
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| Time zone|| UTC+1
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| Website|| [www.sremskamitrovica.org.yu]
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|} Sremska Mitrovica (Serbian: Сремска Митровица or Sremska Mitrovica, Rusin: Сримска Митровица, Croatian: Srijemska Mitrovica, Hungarian: Szávaszentdemeter, German: Syrmisch Mitrowitz, Latin: Sirmium) is a city located in the Vojvodina province of Serbia at 44.98° North, 19.61° East. As of 2002 the city had a total population of 39,041, while Sremska Mitrovica municipality had a population of 85,605. It is the administrative centre of the Srem District of Serbia.
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Name"Sremska Mitrovica" means "Mitrovica of Srem" (Mitrovica of Kosovo and Mitrovica of Mačva also exists), while "Mitrovica" itself stems from the name "Saint Demetrius" or "Свети Димитрије" ("Sveti Dimitrije") in the Serbian language. The name of the city during the reign of the Roman Empire was Sirmium. Beginning in 1180 A.D. the name changed from "Civitas Sancti Demetrii" to "Dmitrovica", "Mitrovica", and finally to the present form - "Sremska Mitrovica". HistoryAncient SirmiumMain article: Sirmium Sirmium was one of the oldest cities in Europe. Archaeologists have found a trace of organized human life dating from the 5000 BC. When the Romans conquered the city in the 1st century BC, Sirmium already was a settlement with a long tradition. In the 1st century, Sirmium gained a status of a colony of the citizens of Rome, and became a very important military and strategic location in Pannonia province. The war expeditions of Roman emperors Traian, Marcus Aurelius, and Claudius II, were prepared in Sirmium. In 103, Pannonia was split into two provinces: Upper Pannonia and Lower Pannonia, and Sirmium became the capital city of Lower Pannonia. In 296, Diocletian operated a new territorial division of Pannonia. Instead of previous two provinces, there were four new provinces established in former territory of original Pannonia: Pannonia Prima, Pannonia Valeria, Pannonia Savia and Pannonia Secunda. Capital city of Pannonia Secunda was Sirmium. In 293, with the establishment of tetrarchy, the Roman Empire was split into four parts; Sirmium became one of the four capital cities of Roman Empire, the other three being Trier, Mediolanum, and Nicomedia. During the tetrarchy, Sirmium was the capital of emperor Galerius. With the establishment of praetorian prefectures in 318, the capital of the prefecture of Illyricum was Sirmium. Since the 4th century, the city was an important Christian centre, and was a seat of the Episcopate of Sirmium. Four Christian councils were held in Sirmium. At the end of the 4th century, Sirmium was brought under the sway of the Goths, and later, was again annexed to the Eastern Roman Empire. In 441, Sirmium was conquered by the Huns, and after this conquest, it remained for more than a century in the hands of various Barbarian tribes, such were Eastern Goths and Gepids. For a short time, Sirmium was the center of the Gepide State and the king Cunimund minted golden coins in it. After 567, Sirmium was again included into Eastern Roman Empire. The city was finally conquered and destroyed by Avars in 582. This event marked the end of the period of late Antiquity in the history of Sirmium. After the Avar conquestFor more than two centuries the fate of Sirmium was unknown. At the end of the 8th century, Sirmium belonged to the Frankish State. The historical role of Sirmium increased again in the 9th century, when it was part of Bulgaria. After having adopted Christianity, the Bulgarians restored in Sirmium the Christian Episcopate, having in mind old Christian traditions and the reputation this city had in the ancient world. In the 11th century, Sirmium was a residence of Sermon, a duke of Srem, who was a vassal of the Bulgarian emperor Samuil. After 1018, the city was again included into the Byzantine Empire, and since the end of the 11th century, Sirmium was a subject of a dispute between the Byzantine Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary, until 1180 when the Byzantine Empire gave up Sirmium, surrendering it to the Hungarian Kingdom. For a while, about 1451, the city was in possession of the Serbian despot Đurađ Branković. In 1521 the city came into Ottoman hands and it remained under the Ottoman rule for almost two centuries. According to the 1545/1548 data, the city was mainly populated by ethnic Serbs, while the name of the mayor of the city was Dimitar. Since the middle of the 16th century, the city was mostly populated with Muslims. According to the 1566/69 data, the population of the city was composed of 592 Muslim and 30 Christian houses, while according to the 1572 data, it was composed of 598 Muslim and 18 Christian houses. According to the 1573 data, the city had 17 mosques and no Christian church. The Christians who lived in the city were mostly ethnic Serbs. During the Ottoman rule, Sremska Mitrovica was the largest settlement in Srem, and was the administrative center of the Ottoman sanjak of Srem. With the establishment of the Habsburg rule in 1718, the Muslim population fled from the city and was replaced with Serb, Croat, and German settlers. According to the 1765 data, the population of the city numbered 809 people, of whom 514 were Serbs and 290 Catholics. Sremska Mitrovica was part of the Habsburg Military Frontier (Slavonian Krajina). In 1848/1849, it was part of the Serbian Voivodship, a Serb autonomous region within Austrian Empire, but in 1849, it was returned under administration of the Military Frontier. With the abolishment of the Slavonian Military Frontier in 1881, Sremska Mitrovica was included into Srem County. According to the 1910 census, the population of the city numbered 12,909 people, of which 4,878 spoke Serbian language, 3,915 Croatian, and 2,341 German. The municipal area of the city had 32,012 inhabitants, of which 27,022 spoke Serbian, 2,324 German, and 1,071 Croatian. After the First World WarSince 1918, the city was part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929). Between 1918 and 1922, Sremska Mitrovica was part of the Srem County, between 1922 and 1929 part of the Srem Oblast, and between 1929 and 1941 part of the Danube Banovina. During World War II, the city was occupied by the Axis troops and was attached to the Independent State of Croatia. During that time its name was changed to Hrvatska Mitrovica (meaning Croatian Mitrovica). Beginning in 1945, it was part of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina within the new Socialist Yugoslavia and the Socialist Republic of Serbia, and from 1992 to 2003 it was part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which was then transformed into the state union of Serbia and Montenegro. Since the 2006 independence of Montenegro, Sremska Mitrovica is part of an independent Serbia. Inhabited placesSremska Mitrovica municipality includes the city of Sremska Mitrovica, the town of Mačvanska Mitrovica, and several villages. Villages on the northern bank of the river Sava, in the region of Srem:
Ethnic groups (2002 census)The population of the Sremska Mitrovica municipality is composed of:
Most of the settlements in the municipality have an ethnic Serb majority. Ethnically mixed settlement with relative Serb majority is Stara Bingula. The main concentration of ethnic minorities is in the town. See alsoExternal links
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